PHYSIOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF MALEIC & FUMARIC ACIDS. 485 
I. Experiments with Leaves. 
Young leaves were placed on the surface of 1 % solutions of 
the neutral sodium salts of both acids and at the same time in 
common water for control. 
Leaves of 
In maleic 
acid. 
In fumaric 
acid. 
In water. 
Primus cerasus . 
Killed after 4 days. 
33 33 C> 33 
Killed after 6 days 
>> >> 5 >> 
1 
Alive. 
Brassica campestris . 
33 
II. Experiments with Whole Plants. 
Barley plants were placed in 2°/o solutions of the sodium 
salts ; after 20 hours they were found to be killed by the sodium 
maleate but were still quite normal in the fumarate, just as in the 
control case with water. 
III. Experiments with Branches. 
Small young branches 10-15 cm. long bearing leaf-buds, or 
flower-buds or both, were placed in 1 °/o solutions of the neutral 
sodium salts and at the same time in common water for control. 
Branches of 
In maleic 
acid. 
In fumaric 
acid. 
Control. 
Oenanthe stolonifera . 
Killed after 4 days. 
Killed after 10 days. 
Alive. 
Acanthopanax spinoswn .... 
99 99 7 99 
99 99 9 99 
33 
Brassica campestris . 
99 99 3 99 
99 99 7 99 
33 
Evonymus Thumb er gi amis 
>> >> 5 >j 
99 99 7 99 
33 
Primus pseudocerasus var. 
spontanea bearing 12 
buds. 
Killed after 2 days, 
no bud had open¬ 
ed at all. 
After i day 10 buds 
had opened, and 
on the 3rd day 2 
more buds ; on 
the 4th day how¬ 
ever they died. 
All buds opened, 
and remained 
alive. 
Prunus munie bearing 5 
flower buds. 
No buds opened, 
after 3 days the 
ends of the buds 
turned brown and 
died. 
After i day one bud 
opened, but after 
4 days all were 
killed. 
After 2 days all 
the buds had 
opened. 
