THE GARDENING WORLD. 
23 
September 10, 1892. 
Grenadier, Warner’s King, Beauty of Bath, Ecklin- 
ville, Cardinal, a fine Apple ; Bismarck, Gold Medal, 
Duchess of Gloucester and Lord Grosvenor. These 
formed a prominent feature of the exhibition. Mr. 
Stainton, Stoneleigh Village, near Kenilworth, sent 
two dozen wonderfully fine fruits of Williams' 
Bon Chretien Pears grown on a wall; and Mr. H. 
Whateley, Market Grower, Kenilworth, sent a 
large basket of very fine Ignotum Tomatos. 
The honorary exhibits were very numerous. Mr. 
F. Jenkins, Olbon, near Birmingham, sent thirty 
very fine Tuberous Begonias, doubles and singles; 
Messrs. Hewitt & Co., Solihull Nurseries, a very 
fine bank of herbaceous blooms, Begonias, Carna¬ 
tions, and Picotees, and many other things, a fine 
display. Messrs. Thomson & Co., Sparkhill 
Nurseries, also contributed a very fine bank of 
flowers and plants, including Carnation and Picotee 
blooms, with some of Benary’s new varieties, some 
excellent floral arrangements and Violas in pots. 
Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, sent cut hardy 
flowers and a fine lot of their new Gloxinias, First- 
class Certificates being awarded to Cyclops, Her 
Majesty, Admiration, and Duke of York, but other 
kinds are very fine also, and it was a beautiful 
display. Mr. Henry Eckford set up a fine lot of 
new Sweet Peas, and First-class Certificates were 
awarded to H. M. Stanley, Lord Beaconsfield, Venus, 
Lady Penzance, Ovid, and Royal Robe ; and a First- 
class Certificate was awarded to Messrs. Perkins & 
Sons, Coventry, for a very fine almost black Cactus 
Dahlia named “ Matchless; ” also First-class 
Certificates to Mr. Charles Turner, Slough, for 
seedling Cactus Dahlias, H. E. Milner, Sir Hugo, 
Blushing Bride, and JosepJi Chamberlain, also 
Pompon Dahlia Little Lady; other seedlings of 
merit was also staged. Mr. Shaw, Kidderminster, 
and Messrs. Jones & Sons, Shrewsbury, both staged 
nice collections of Gladioli. Mr. Horton, Moseley, 
had a fine group, and Mr. Denning, florist, also con¬ 
tributed a fine group admirably set up. 
■-* 5 —- 
STEAM AND HOT-WATER HEATING. 
The comparative merits of steam and hot water for 
greenhouse heating is the subiect of a recent bulletin 
issued from the horticultural division of the Cornell 
University Agricultural Experiment Station, and the 
writer, Mr. F. W. Card, states that the results 
obtained lead to the following conclusions which are 
true under these conditions, although some of them 
may not be true universally :— 
1. The temperatures of steam pipes averaged 
higher than those of hot water pipes, throughout the 
entire circuit for the entire period of test. 
2. The higher the inside temperature in steam 
pipes the less is the proportionate warming power of 
the pipes at a given point. The heat is distributed 
over a greater length of pipe, and as steam is 
ordinarily carried at a higher temperature than hot 
water, it has a distinct advantage for heating long 
runs. 
3. When no pressure is indicated by the steam 
gauge, the difference between the temperatures of 
the riser and the return is greater with steam than 
with hot water. 
4. Under pressure, the difference is less with steam 
than with hot water. 
5. There is less loss of heat in the steam risers 
than in the hot water risers, and this means that 
more heat, in the steam system, is carried to the 
farther end of the house and more is spent in the 
returns as bottom heat. 
6. This relation is more uniform in the steam 
risers than in the hot water risers, giving much more 
even results with steam than with hot water. 
7. When the fires are operative, the fluctuation in 
the temperature of the risers at any given point is 
much greater with hot water than with steam. 
8. An increase in steam pressure raises the tem¬ 
perature of the entire circuit, but the temperature 
does not rise uniformly with the pressure. 
9. The first application of the pressure increases 
the temperature of the returns much more that that 
of the risers. 
10. Steam is better than hot water for long and 
crooked circuits. 
11. Pressure is of great utility in increasing the 
rapidity of circulation of steam, and in forcing it 
through long circuits and over obstacles. 
12. Unfavourable conditions can be more readily 
overcome with steam than with hot water. 
13. Hot water consumed more coal than steam, 
and was at the same time less efficient. This result 
would probably be modified in a shorter and 
straighter circuit, with greater fall. 
14. Under the conditions here present, steam is 
more economical than hot water, and more satisfac¬ 
tory in every way ; and this result is not modified to 
any extent by the style of heaters used. 
Gardening Miscellany. 
OO V'O 
GARDENERS' WAGES. 
Apropos of your sensible remarks on the wages and 
status of gardeners in last week’s Gardening 
World, I may say that I was lately one of 500 
applicants for a fairly good berth that was going in a 
midland county; and in the circumstance of the 
number of applicants being so large, I discovered one 
reason, at least, why employers hold gardeners so 
cheap. The fact is there are too many gardeners and 
gardeners, and especially of the latter.— X. 
LI LI U M LEICHTLINII. 
The Lily alluded to on p. 822 of your issue for August 
27th as L. Leichtlinii is really L. Batemannae-, a 
totally different species. The fact that bulbs of L. 
Batemannae are sometimes imported from Japan as 
L. Leichtlinii, and disposed of under that name may 
be answerable for the mistake. The blooms of L. 
Leichtlinii are yellow, spotted with red, while in 
shape they are somewhat like the Tiger Lily. L. 
Batemannae, on the other hand, exactly answers the 
description on the above-mentioned page.— Lilium. 
[We are indebted to our correspondent for this 
correction, and.thank him for his kindness though 
he writes anonymously. The fact is our notes were 
made somewhat hurriedly from plants flowering in a 
bed at Kew, and we had not time to check the accuracy 
of the Kew name, hence the error. We had our 
suspicions at the time, but not having seen L. 
Batemannae for some years failed at once to 
notice the mistake ; but admitting that the bulbs 
had been received from Japan under the name of L. 
Leichtlinii, the plants had been in flower for some 
time, and the name should have been corrected by 
the responsible authorities. It is possible that 
many others besides ourselves have been misled in 
the same way, for L. Batemannae is by no means 
common in British gardens.— Ed.] 
JUDGING AT FLOWER SHOWS. 
We have been much struck with the importance of 
the suggestion you embody in your article of August 
27th under the above heading. If the occasion of 
our Great National Co-operative Flower Show at the 
Crystal Palace in August would be a convenient 
opportunity for such a meeting, we should be glad 
to make arrangements next year to facilitate a first 
gathering of the kind, and think we might be able to 
fit it in with our other meetings so as to avoid any 
expense falling upon the gentlemen attending. The 
large variety of exhibits we have at the Palace would 
be at the service of the meeting for reference in 
illustration of any points which may arise in discus¬ 
sion. —Edward Owen Greening, Hon. Sec. National Co¬ 
operative Flower Show, Deptford, S.E. 
HARDINESS OF ADIANTUM CUNEATUM. 
It may be of some interest to mention that in April, 
1891, at the annual potting of our Ferns, as an 
experiment I planted out one root of Adiantum 
cuneatum on the northern side of a shrubbery 
border. The soil consisted of gravel and sand with 
some particles of peat. The plant grew and flourished 
during the summer, and as winter approached I in¬ 
tended to cover the crowns up, but failed to do so 
until frost and snow came, when I concluded it was 
too late to do so, and everyone knows what a trying 
winter we had. About May this year I was passing 
the spot and was surprised to see young fronds 
appearing. And now, September 6th, there is a nice 
tuft of pale green fronds, and the plant is looking 
quite happy. I may say that there is a very strong 
current of air passing through the shrubs continually. 
—John Davies, The Gardens, Woodheath, Chislehurst. 
ROSA POMIFERA. 
We frequently hear of the ornamental character of 
Rosa rugosa when in fruit, but the European Rosa 
pomifera sparingly naturalised in this country is 
hardly ever spoken of, and more seldom seen. There 
is a handsome bush of it now laden with fruit on the 
rockery at Kew. The hips are large and elliptic or 
urn-shaped with a short neck, and as they mature 
they become yellow, deepening later on to a bright 
crimson red. Although considerably below the 
dimensions of the fruit of the now well known R. 
rugosa, they are brighter in colour and exceed those 
of any of the truly native British Roses. 
THE CANADIAN GOLDEN ROD 
If anything were to tell in favour of Solidago 
canadensis it would be the fact that years ago, when 
the value of hardy plants was better recognised, it 
was widely cultivated, even in some of the more 
remote parts of Britain, in cottage gardens. Not¬ 
withstanding the numerous species of Golden Rod 
which have been introduced from time to time, 
perhaps none of them have been more popular. 
The flowers are golden yellow, and although the 
heads are small individually they are produced in 
short, dense, spreading, one-sided panicles in such 
profusion as to well merit the title of Golden Rod. 
The main stems grow 3 ft. to 4 ft. high, and come 
into bloom comparatively early, a fact which enables 
the plant to be grown and flowered to perfection in 
various parts of the country. It forms a telling 
plant in the herbaceous border and should be planted 
in the third or fourth line from the front. 
-—-D- 
ORCHID NOTES AND GLEANINGS. 
The undermentioned Orchids amongst others were 
exhibited at the International Horticultural Exhibi¬ 
tion, Earl’s Court, on the 26th and 27th ult., by 
Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, when each was 
accorded a First-class Certificate. 
Cattleya Parthenia nobilis. 
The sepals of this interesting variety are white or 
palest blush. The petals are of a faint lilac with a 
white centre ; the tube of the lip is lilac, and the 
lamina of a deep purple. The contrast of colours is 
striking and chaste. 
Laelia amanda. 
The sepals and petals in this case are of the palest 
lilac with deeper lines along the veins. The lip on 
the contrary is pale purple, with darker veins forming 
a network upon the lamina. 
Aerides Lawrenciae. 
The flowers of this Aerides resemble those of A 
quinquevulnerum greatly magnified. The sepals and 
petals are white with a large purple blotch at the 
apex of each. The whole of the middle lobe of the 
lip is purple, the rest being white. The stout and 
somewhat curved conical spur is yellow at the tip. 
Odontoglossum Wattianum. 
The sepals and petals of this odontoglot are oblong- 
lanceolate, and heavily blotched with brown on a 
yellow ground. The long-clawed lip is spotted with 
purple on white at the base, and has a large purple 
blotch on a cr;amy lamina. 
Renanthera matutina. 
Seldom has this species been flowered in this country, 
but is all grace and beauty when seen. The linear 
leaves are of moderate length and arranged in two 
ranks upon upright stems. The slender, arching 
racemes are many flowered, bearing blooms of fair 
average proportions, somewhat smaller than those 
of R. coccinea The linear sepals and petals are 
bright red fading to yellow with age, and more or 
less spotted with crimson. The lip is remarkably 
small. 
Vanda Hookeriana. 
The terete leaves of this species recall those of V. 
teres, but the flowers are very different. The lateral 
sepals are white, but the upper one and the petals 
palest purple. The lip is spotted and marked with 
deep purple on a pale purple or a white ground. 
The lateral lobes are deep purple. 
Odontoglossum Roezlii Sander's var. 
As is now pretty well known this type is included 
amongst the Miltonias. The sepals and petals are 
white as usual, but the blotch at the base of the lat¬ 
ter is intensified to a blackish purple. The lip has a 
pale yellow blotch at the base, but is otherwise pure 
white. 
Laelia elegans Schroderse. 
The sepals and petals of this variety are blush, and 
the lip similar with a rich purple lamina ; three 
purple lines extend from the latter to the base of the 
tube. 
Laelia Gravesiae. 
The parents of this bigeneric hybrid were Cattleya 
crispa superba and Laelia praestans, the former 
being the seed bearer. The sepals and petals are of 
the palest lilac, the latter being somewhat revolute 
at the sides, a character derived from the seed parent, 
in which it is always strongly marked. The lip has 
an intensely purple wavy lamina and a white tube. 
The pseudo-bulbs are only 3 in. or 4 in. high, and 
flowering for the first time. 
