June 3, 1898. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
627 
FltO^ICUliTO^E. 
Pansy Exhibition at Tamworth. 
When this exhibition was fixed for so early a date 
as May 24th, grave doubts were expressed as to there 
being many exhibits, but the season being so very 
early it proved to be just right, and the largest 
disp'ay of blooms ever seen at a Pansy exhibition 
was brought together. The schedule was very 
elaborate in classes and weighty in prizes. Eight 
classes were devoted to amateurs who reside in the 
Midland cpunties, and some excellent exhibits were 
staged. In the classes for twenty-four and eighteen 
fancies, Mr. J. Egginton, Wolverhampton, was first 
with fine blooms; Mr. A. Christie, Shifnal, a good 
second in each ; and Mr. T. M. Eglington, Birming¬ 
ham, third in each class. For twelve and six blooms 
respectively, Mr. George East, Leicester, was first ; 
and Mr. W. B. Fowler, Fazeley, Tamworth, second ; 
and Mr. J. Haime, Longton, Staffordshire, third; 
with Mr. John Draycott, Burton-on-Trent, fourth 
for twelve, as well as six blooms. For six seedling 
fancies, Mr. J. Haime was first; Mr. Christie, 
second; and Mr. Thos. Woodward, Coventry, third. 
For twelve varieties of Violas, six blooms of each, 
Mr. A. J. Rowberry, South Woodford, Essex; was 
first with a fine lot. 
Classes 9 to 12 were for amateurs residing in the 
home Midland counties, who have never won a prize, 
and there was a most satisfactory competition in 
these classes. For twelve fancies, first, Mr. H. 
Yeomans, Leicester ; second, Mr. A. Penson, New¬ 
port, Salop; third, Mr. H Jordan, Leicester. For 
six "fancies, first, Mr. A. Penson; second, Mr. 
Yeoman's; third, Mr. H. Jordan. Six classes were 
open to the trade growers in the Midland counties, 
and for forty-eight, twenty-four, twelve, and six 
fancies, Mr. Wm. Sydenham, Tamworth, was first 
in each with excellent blooms, Messrs. Pope & Sons, 
Birmingham, scoring second honours in’" each class, 
as well as taking the first prize for six seedlings. 
The Blue Riband prizes of the exhibition centred 
in Class 19, for forty-eight fancy Pansies, dissimilar, 
for which there were five entries, open to the distant 
trade growers, and there was a close competition 
here and some grand blooms staged. Mr. A. Bailey, 
Sunderland, was first; Mr. John Smellie, Glasgow, 
second ; and Mr. A. Lister, Rothesay, third. For 
twenty-four fancy Pansies, first, Mr. A. Bailey; 
second, Mr. Lister; third, Mr. Smellie. For twelve 
fancy Pansies, first, Mr, Smellie; second, Mr. A. 
Campbell, Blantyre; third, Mr. Bailey. For twenty- 
four show Pansies, first, Mr. Smellie ; second, Mr. 
Lister. For twelve show Pansies, first, Mr. Lister ; 
second, Mr. Campbell; third, Mr. Smellie. For six 
blooms of one variety, first, Mr. A. Irvine, Tighna- 
bruaich, N.B.; second, Mr. Smellie; third, Mr. 
Bailey. For twelve seedlings, own raising, first, 
Mr. Smellie; second, Mr. Lister; third, Mr. J. D. 
Stuart, Belfast. For twenty-four bunches of Violas, 
first, Mr. J. Smellie. 
Several .valuable prizes in jewellery were offered 
to lady competitors for a wreath of Pansies and 
Violas. First, Miss E. A. Perkins, Leamington; 
second, Miss Louisa Johnstone, Hunts Hall Gardens ; 
third, Miss Clara Bowles, Leicester. In the classes 
for a cross or other design in Pansies and Violas, 
Mrs. Thewles, Birmingham, was first with a very 
handsome shower bouquet of these flowers, as well 
as for a spray and a basket. 
An important class (34), open to all growers of 
the United Kingdom, was for twenty-four seedling 
Pansies, dissimilar, and in this class Mr. Smellie 
was first and Mr. Irvine second ; and for twelve 
seedling show varieties Mr. Irvine was first and 
Mr. Smellie second. For twelve seedling fancies 
Mr. Smellie was first and Mr. Irvine second. 
Prizes were offered for new fancy Pansies, either 
seedlings or varieties sent out in the autumn of 1852 
or spring of 1853, for the best bloom in each class 
selected from the exhibition, and the awards were as 
follow:— 
Fancies. 
Dark Self : John Black, exhibited by Mr. A. Irvine. 
White Self: Mrs. Wm. McIntosh, exhibited by 
Mr. A. Irvine. 
Yellow Self' Mrs. Wm. Watson, exhibited by Mr. 
J. Smellie. 
Laced Yellow ; Andrew Frater, exhibited by Mr. J. 
Smellie. 
Laced Whites: John Hossin, exhibited by Mr. 
Campbell. 
Best Fancy : Wm. Watson, exhibited by Mr. J- 
Smellie. 
Show Pansies. 
Dark Self : Wm. Cook, exhibited by Mr. Irvine. 
White Self: Mrs. King, exhibited by Mr. Irvine. 
Yellow Self: Jeannie Deans, exhibited by Mr. 
Campbell. 
Primrose Self: Winnie Irvine, exhibited by Mr. 
Irvine. 
Yellow Ground: John Watt, exhibited by Mr. 
Campbell. 
White Ground: Miss Adams, exhibited by Mr. 
Campbell. 
Best Show Variety : Winnie Irvine, exhibited by 
Mr. Irvine. 
Some very fine seedlings received First-class 
Certificates as follows :—Fancies : Princess, a very 
beautiful and quite distinct flower from Mr. Camp¬ 
bell ; Mr. Spence, from Mr. Irvine; Romeo, from 
Mr. Lister; Marmion and Mrs. W. Walton, from 
Mr. Smellie; Beauty, from Mr. Bailey, and Queens’ 
Park Gem, from Mr. Lister. Show varieties, John 
Watt, yellow ground, from Mr. Campbell; W. J. 
Bassett, dark self, from Mr. Lister, and W. H. 
Clark, yellow ground, from Mr. J. D. Stuart, 
Belfast. 
Mr. Stuart also exhibited a bloom each of some 
first-class seedling Violas. Had there been three of 
each, some Certificates would have been awarded. 
He is a most successful raiser of Violas and Pansies, 
and of the former, Mary Stuart is especially fine and 
rich in colour, as is also Con O’Neil. Mrs. Joseph 
Chamberlain is fine and distinct. Diver is a grand 
creamy-white, and rayless. Lovelight, Ulster, May 
Morn, Commodore, and Miss Ruck, are all fine. 
Mr. George McLeod, Chingford, took a Gold Medal 
with six sprays of rayless Violas, a very pretty 
contribution. 
Messrs. Dobbie & Co., Rothesay, contributed an 
admirably staged, extensive display of Violas, which 
were greatly admired, and to which a First-class 
Certificate was awarded ; also to a bright, handsome 
violet-striped variety named Lillie Langtry. 
-—J-- 
Early Peas. 
It would bs very instructive if gardeners in various 
localities would give their experience with new Peas, 
especially in regard to their earliness, as compared 
with the old varieties. I have this year sown 
American Wonder on a border, and William the 
First and Sutton’s May Queen near to them in an 
open quarter of the garden, and they were put in 
on the same day. We gathered from American 
Wonder on May 24th, and from William the First 
four days latter, May Queen being ready four days 
later still. The latter is, however, I think from its 
appearance a better quality Pea, but of this I will 
say more when I have tasted it. The later Peas are 
making fine growths, having had good waterings 
and liberal top-dressings.— G. H. S. 
Winter Greens. 
The main crops of Brussels Sprouts may be planted 
now as soon as they are large enough, and the 
ground is ready. Give them plently of room so 
that the plants can get plenty of light and air when 
fully grown. The autumn and winter Broccolis 
should also be planted during the next fortnight. 
Early York Cabbage, and London Colewort should 
be planted in quantity where greens are required 
during the winter, and another sowing of these 
should yet be made for later planting. Chou de 
Burghley sown now will come in very useful. 
Savoys should also be planted when ready.— G.H.S. 
General Work. 
If more rain is not soon forthcoming watering will 
demand constant attention. Cauliflowers are, I am 
sorry to see, going off wholesale with maggots. I 
have tried limewater, but it does not seem to do 
much good, Limewater with a little salt is, I hear, 
stopping them better. It is very annoying after the 
trouble which Cauliflowers have given us this spring 
to lose them now that they are hearting. Onions 
must be looked to, as they are terribly affected with 
maggot in some places. Sow Salads regularly in 
cool places, or a supply cannot be kept up.— G. H. S. 
from iIDfliitr 
uf Science. 
A new Non-Poisonous Antiseptic-and Disin¬ 
fectant. —The time has come for carbolic acid to 
look to its proud position, seemingly. A new agent 
which has been named “ Izal,” has been discovered 
and we are told performs more effectually all that 
carbolic acid can do, with the additional and very 
valuable merit of being non-poisonous. The discovery 
was, by way of a change, the fruit of systematic 
investigation. We say " by way of a change ” as 
science has made her most valuable discoveries when 
she was looking for something else. Izal was seen 
lurking in strange garb, and being at once sus¬ 
pected was relentlessly pursued, caught, and 
subjected to vigorous examination, which resulted in 
its identification. To Mr. J. H. Worral, F.C.S. 
F.I.C., Chemist to the Thorncliffe Collieries Com¬ 
pany, near Sheffield, belongs the credit of the new 
discovery. 
While investigating the nature of the by-products 
derived from the Thorncliffe patent coke ovens, he 
found that one of the products was a previously un¬ 
known oil, intermediate in its general properties 
between the benzene series and its derivatives on the 
one hand, and the paraffin series on the other. From 
this oil he extracted a body which was found to 
possess much greater antiseptic power than pure 
crystalised carbolic acid. Its mean boiling point is 
considerably higher than that of pure carbolic acid 
and the body itself is of greater density than water, 
in which it is insoluble. This insolubility in water is 
one of its special advantages, inasmuch as it prevents 
the disinfecting principle being washed away from 
the part which requires to be disinfected, as usually 
happens with other antiseptic agents. Though in¬ 
soluble in water, the particles of the new body when 
finely divided remain permanently suspended, form¬ 
ing a milk-white emulsion. 
Knowing that this high boiling point indicated 
what we may call great “ staying power,” in more 
appropriate language great persistency of action, 
Mr. Worral put it to the test by subjecting to its 
action the common sheep parasite known as Acarus 
ovis. The results were perfectly satisfactory to 
everybody except the parasite, which was thus added 
to the long list of martyrs to science. 
There can be no possible doubt that the new anti¬ 
septic is a potent agent for good in medical science. 
Before making its public appearance it has been sub¬ 
jected to the most exhaustive tests, and one of the 
highest scientific authorities of the day gives the fol¬ 
lowing account of his experiments with it:— 
“ Izal diluted in the strength of only 1 in 200 
completely destroyed in five minutes the vitality of 
the germs of cholera, diphtheria, typhoid fever, 
pneumonia, anthrax, and glanders. In the same 
degree of dilution it also destroyed in five minutes 
the microbes which cause putrefaction, and the 
formation of abscesses. Similar experiments with 
carbolic acid showed that under the same conditions 
that agent had no disinfecting power whatever. In 
a still weaker dilution (1 in 300) izal killed the germs 
of scarlet fever and erysipelas. Its disinfecting 
properties were also tested with satisfactory results 
on morbid materials derived from various infectious 
disorders—diphtheritic membrane, the discharge 
from the bowels of patients suffering from typhoid 
fever, matter from festering sores, the discharge of 
glanders, etc.—with entire success. Careful experi¬ 
ments were also made to determine whether izal 
had any hurtful effect on the economy at large, with 
the result that it is entirely free from detrimental 
effects of any kind whatsoever.” 
Its non-poisonous nature gives izal incalculable 
value as an internal remedy. We believe that 
purification of the intestinal canal is the only treat¬ 
ment of the least use either in cholera or in typhoid 
fever; for this izal would perfectly answer 
the purpose. 
As a local application it will commend itself 
for surgical operations, as in addition to being 
innocuous it does not irritate nor inflame wounds. 
In case of burns, always the most difficult form of 
injury to treat, izal should be of special utility. As 
a preventive of disease communicable by animals, 
and also as a disinfectant for veterinary and agricul¬ 
tural purposes, it is very highly spoken ol.—Land 
and Water. 
