646 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
June 10, 1893. 
Goldfinch, and Crimson King were fine. The 
second award went to Mr. A. J. Rowberry, who had 
some of the newest varieties in J. B. Riding and 
Peter Barr arranged on a semi-circular board. Mr. 
E. J. Pether was third with his blooms on a heart- 
shaped board. The blooms in all three cases were 
kept fresh and attractive. The first award for six 
sprays of Violas went to Mr. Bruce Cook. Mr. 
Edw. Fuller, Kelvedon, had the best six sprays of 
Violas, three blooms in a spray. Mr. Archibald 
McWilton was second; and Mr. Ceo. H. West, 
Chingford, took the third place. The Silver Medal 
for six sprays of rayless Violas was awarded to Mr. 
A. J. Rowberry, who had attractive samples of 
Blush Queen, Sylvia, George McLeod, Violetta, etc. 
Several special prizes for twelve sprays of Violas, 
including certain named varieties, were offered by 
Messrs. Dobbie & Co. The first prize, a Gold 
Medal, was awarded to Mr. A. J. Rowberry, who 
had his sprays arranged on a semi-circular, upright, 
velvet-covered stand. Mr. E. J. Pether was second 
with his sprays displayed on a heart-shaped stand. 
He was awarded a Silver Medal. 
The new varieties brought up in competition for 
the prizes offered were in no case striking, while 
some of them were so worthless that no award was 
made. In a few cases they were of average merit. 
There were, however, some excellent kinds brought 
up for certificates, and those that were honoured 
with this distinction we shall describe in our next 
issue. The new ray less Violas, shown by Dr. 
Stuart, Chirmside, Berwick, were very interesting, 
but few of them show anything strikingly distinct 
from those already named and put into commerce. 
We cannot omit mention of Albino, however, which 
by some experts was pronounced as the purest white 
Viola of the Countess of Hopetoun type in the 
exhibition. Blue Gown is also a beautiful pale blue, 
rayless Viola, with a glossy or satiny lustre about it. 
A blue and white shaded variety named Border 
Witch is very interesting amongst the more fanciful 
types. 
A rather extensive collection of Violas not for 
competition was exhibited by Messrs. Dicksons & 
Co., i, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh. They were 
done up in bunches, and included amongst others 
some fine types, such as A. Grant, Countess of 
Hopetoun, Ariel, Goldfinch, Duchess of Fife, Dawn 
of Day, Glow, a striped one in fine condition, 
Violetta, Lilacina, Pilrig Park, white, and many 
others. Mr. John Smellie had four fine stands of 
fancy Pansies. Mr. Alex. Lister had seven stands 
of fancy varieties and one stand of the show type of 
Pansy. It will be noticed by the above report that 
fancy Pansies and Violas for bedding purposes were 
most amply represented at the above show, but that 
the true old type of show Pansies was very poorly 
represented. This is their fate in most gardens in 
the South of England, but surely they are more 
plentiful in the North. We are not surprised that 
the new rayless type of Viola should have been 
thinly represented, for they are late in coming into 
bloom, and were practically put into commerce as 
recently as last autumn. We think, however, that 
there is a brilliant future before them both as bedding 
plants and for exhibition purposes, for their flowers 
are very refined and beautiful. The chief drawback 
to them will be that the amount of variety amongst 
seifs must necessarily be limited, more particularly 
in face of the fact that they are also without the rays 
which play so important a part amongst the older 
types. 
-.*«-- 
THE WATER LILY 
GARDEN. 
We all love Pond Lilies, and we all can grow them 
if we wish to. No class of plants is easier managed. 
We winter them dry in the cellar and set them out 
in the warm sunshine in the summer time, keeping 
their tubs well filled with water, and that’s nearly 
all there is to it. When you go out into our great 
public parks and see the large Lily tanks, and the 
gorgeous array of tropical beauties so luxuriant in 
the water, don’t fret and exclaim, “ If I could only 
grow one of them I'd be perfectly happy ! ” You 
can go right home and attain your heart’s desire in 
an old tub. 
As there are a great many kinds of Pond Lilies 
and we cannot grow all in one tub or in a dozen tubs, 
we should first make up our minds about what we 
want to have to begin with, and get that and try it, 
and after we have succeeded with it, we can plunge 
deeper into the rapturous enjoyment of growing 
aquatics. 
Nymphaea is the botanical name of the true Pond 
Lilies, and we have white, yellow, blue, purple, pink, 
rose, and crimson-red flowered Nymphaeas. This 
rather annihilates the often-expressed notion of those 
who insist that red, blue, and yellow-coloured 
flowers never occur among the species of one genus. 
But then they cannot know much about plants, and 
probably never heard of Hyacinths, Columbines, 
Anemones, Salvias, Clematises, or Larkspur, among 
all of which the same thing happens. 
Nymphaea odorata is the delicious white Pond 
Lily of New England, and the pink variety of it 
called rosea is often known as the Cape Cod Lily ; 
N. coerulea is the blue Pond Lily from the Nile, N. 
Zanzibarensis a blue, often purple, one from Africa; 
and N. Mexicana, or better still N. Marliacea chro- 
matella, are both yellow. All of these grow easily 
and bloom freely, and we recommend them to be¬ 
ginners in the cultivation of water plants. Wait a 
little before you try the splendid red N. Devoni- 
ensis, or the gigantic N. dentatum. 
All of these Lilies can be raised from seed were it 
obtainable, but N. Zanzibarensis is about the only 
one commonly offered by our seedsmen ; you had 
better get plants of the others to begin with. Then 
get some tubs, one or more, as your plants run in 
size or number ; liquor or gasoline barrels sawn in 
two do very well. Put three inches deep of open 
rubble in the bottom, a thin inverted sod over that, 
then fill up to half full with turfy loam and cow 
manure, plant your Lilies in it, set it outside in a 
warm, sunny place, and fill it up with water. Be 
particular about the cow manure, and don’t use 
horse manure. A rubble drain in the bottom of a 
water tub may seem ridiculous, but this is one of the 
items of experience you too can learn for yourself 
some day if you care to experiment. 
After the summer is past and your Lilies have died 
down, empty out the water from the tubs—you 
needn’t drain them dry—and carry them into the 
cellar where frost cannot reach them, but where it 
isn’t very warm. Next spring, say middle or end of 
April, bring them out again, fill up with water, and 
set in some warm sunnv place as last year. 
All of the above Lilies except N. Zanzibarensis 
will live over winter very well in this way ; but as it 
is easily raised from seed and it blossoms the first 
year, we needn’t be so anxious about it. 
Big tubs are good enough for big plants but not 
at all necessary for small ones ; in fact it is a good 
plan to plant the Lilies in ordinary flower pots and 
put these into the tubs of water, so that they will be 
within four or six inches of the surface and as many 
pots as the tub will hold. In order to raise them as 
high as this the pots may be set on other inverted 
pots or on a bed of loam cr gravel put into the tub 
for this purpose. 
A pretty way to set the tubs in summer is to dig a 
hole near the edge of the lawn and set the tubs down 
in it to the level of the grass making them appear 
like real little ponds. 
Water Poppies, water Hyacinths and floating 
Hearts are exceedingly interesting little plants that 
float on the surface of the water, grow thriftily, and 
bloom most all summer, and a few of them in the 
tubs with the pond Lilies add to the variety and 
interest. You don't need to plant them ; just drop 
them into the water, they will soon find out a place 
for themselves and enjoy it .—American Gardening. 
--- 
INJURIOUS INSECTS. 
Currant Attacks. —Amongst Currant attacks, that 
of the Phytoptus ribis, the microscopic cylindrical 
four-legged mite which causes distorted growth of 
the black currant buds into round de ormed knobs of 
abortive leaves and flowers, has continued still to 
increase. The best method of checking spread 
appears to be that practised at the great ToddiDgton 
Fruit Grounds (as well as elsewhere) of breaking off 
the infested buds and destroying them. During the 
last few days I have information from Germany of a 
similar attack to red currant bushes, caused by a 
newly-observed species of Phytoptus, being recently 
recorded, and it would certainly be well to be on the 
watch for this infestation in England. 
The Little Bright-Red Caterpillar, which 
does injury in the buds of Raspberries (ultimately 
turning to a small moth), is another serious trouble 
which is present, and which, like the above (what¬ 
ever other methods may be tried to lessen its 
presence) requires breaking off the infested buds as 
a means of destroying the pest within. From the 
unusual forwardness of the season it will, however, 
only be in some late districts that the remedy can 
still be applied this year. The history of the attack 
will be found in my Annual Report for 1891. The 
Raspberry weevils, the Otiorhynchus picipes, have 
also appeared. Where these severely destructive 
pests are at work, and also attacking Strawberry 
plants, it would be well, besides the regular methods 
of getting rid of them (by shaking them down at 
night on tarred boards by lantern light), when they 
are out at feed, to try the plan of placing pieces of 
slate, or tile, or sods, by the low-growing plants to 
serve as shelter for the pests after their nightly feed¬ 
ing excursions, from which they may be cleared in 
the morning. 
Apple Pests. —The various Apple pests, whether 
caterpillars, weevils, or the little Psylla mali, the 
" Apple sucker,” with its four gauzy wings, are too 
numerous to enter on here, more particularly as 
means of remedying or of lessening the ravages are 
before those concerned (if they please to desire them), 
with full details of localities and names of observers, 
and of applications and means of applying them. 
Caterpillars. —Amongst these the ravages of 
caterpillars are especially important, for counter¬ 
action of which particular attention has now been 
devoted for some years past to the use of Paris 
green, which has long been known to be successful 
in America. It is not safe wholly to follow the 
American plan, on account of the difference in 
climate and in kinds of fruit trees. Therefore, after 
long experiment, carried out by a committee of the 
leading fruit growers in the neighbourhood of Eve¬ 
sham, and the superintendents of the Toddington 
Fruit Grounds, also with the co-operation of Mr. 
Fletcher, Entomologist of the Experimental Farms 
of the Dominion of Canada, I have with their 
co-operation, or as record of our practical obser¬ 
vations on fruit tree leafage, prepared a short 
pamphlet giving all requisite information, including 
kinds of sprayers, of which I should be happy to for¬ 
ward a copy to any applicant, and of this I may be 
permitted to add that after its perusal by Prof. 
Riley, the Entomologist of the Department of Agri¬ 
culture of the United States, he favoured me by 
information that it met all points for practical use. 
To the vast number of infestations previously 
recorded, I now add that of the great brownish cater¬ 
pillar of 
The Lappet Moth, sent to me on the 8th inst. 
from Apple trees in a Herefordshire locality. This 
very fine caterpillar is as much as three inches in 
length, of a general brown or ash-grey ground colour, 
and slightly hairy, with a conspicuous hump or bunch 
of hair on the back of the twelfth segment, but it is 
especially distinguishable by two brightly shining 
dark blue bands situate near the head, and a row of 
fleshy appendages along each side, those on the seg¬ 
ments next the head being the largest, and from 
their pendant appearance giving the name of lappet. 
The caterpillar may be hand-picked, or shaken, or 
got rid of by the usual means, before turning 
to the beautiful rich brown gastropacha 
quercifolia moth, about (or over) three inches and a 
half in the spread of the wings. The food is various, 
and I only find slight reference to it in the works at 
hand as an Apple pest. 
Besides the above and various other infestations 
not now specified, I have knowledge of the further 
spread of the 
Root Knot Disease in Tomatos, Cucumbers, 
&c., which ne are doing all in our power to find a 
cure for; also infestation of minute boring beetles of 
the genus Xyleborus, of a species hitherto apparently 
undescribed, supposed to have been introduced from 
New Guinea, which is gradually making its way in 
some of our large Orchid-growers’ collections.— 
A. E. Ormerod, in Farmer and Stockbreeder. 
--p.- 
Market Gardening in Cornwall. —Potato crops 
in Cornwall have turned out quite up to expectations, 
considering the dryness of the season. These at the 
best are, however, but small. As a proof of this it 
may be stated that one extensive grower in the west 
of Cornwall, who cn an average “ draws ’’ just over 
13 tons from a certain field, this year has only lifted 
6 tons 5 cwt., and this is a fair sample of the experi¬ 
ence of many other growers. The strawberries have 
turned out well, the crops being for the most part 
heavy. 
