LAND MEASUREMENT. 
Gunter’s Chain consists of ioo 
links, measuring 66 feet, equal 22 
yards, equal 4 poles in length. 
equal 
62 726 sq. inches.. . . 1 sq. link. 
2'295 sq. links .. .. 1 sq. foot. 
20 661 sq. links .. .. 1 sq: yard. 
625 sq. links .. .. 1 sq. pole or pch. 
40 sq. pls.(pchs.)i sq. rood. 
4 sq. roods .... 1 sq. acre. 
10 sq. chains .. 1 sq. acre. 
Scotch Land Measure. 
346 sq. feet (Eng.)i sq. fall 
14 sq. falls _1 chain, English. 
2jGunter'schns.i sq. rood. 
4 rds(6i50|yds)i sq. acre. 
An Irish acre is equal to 1 acre 2 
roods 19J poles. 
A Welsh acre is equal to 2 English 
acres. 
Sq. Yds. 
.. .4,840 
..2,3082 
. .3,226! 
30J sq. yards make 1 sq. rod ; 40 
sq. rods make 1 sq. rood ; 4 sq. roods, 
r acre ; 640 acres, 1 sq.- mile; 4,840 
sq. yards, or 160 rods, make 1 acre: 
In measuring an acre by yards, the 
usual practice is to trace off 70 yards 
in length and 70 yards in width. This, 
in a rough way may be considered 
near enough for practical purposes ; 
but as 70 yards either way make 4,900 
square yards, it exceeds 1 acre by 60 
yards. To determine an accurate acre, 
it may be measured 70 yards in length 
by 69 i-7th yards in width. The 
same result may be arrived at by 
measuring 220 feet, in length and 198 
feet in width, or by measuring 73J in 
length by 66 yards in breadth. 
Sq. Yds. 
North Wales (cus¬ 
tomary) .3.240 
Ditto (erw) .4.320 
Cornish .5.760 
Cunningham ....6,250 
English mile equal to 1,760 yards ; Scotch mile equal to 1,984 yards ; 
Irish mile equal to 2,240 yards. 
Statute Acre . 
Leicestershire 
Herefordshire 
Wiltshire .3.630 
Devonshire ....4,000 
Sq. Yds. 
Westmoreland ..6,760 
Irish.7,840 
W. Derby .9,000 
Cheshire.10,240 
Scotch.6,150 
A TABLE FOR PLANTERS. 
Showing the Number of Trees required per Imperial Acre, at from 
1 to 30 Feet Distance between each Plant. 
Distance. I 
Number. 
Distance. 
Number. 
Distance. 
Number. 
Distance. 1 
Number. 
I 
43 . 56 o 
61 
1,031 
12 
302 
* 7 § 
142 
l£ 
19,360 
7 
889 
12^ 
270 
18 
134 
2 
10,890 
7 k 
774 
13 
257 
181 
127 
zh 
6,970 
s 
6S0 
13 ^ 
239 
19 
120 
3 
4,8+0 
84 
603 
14 
222 
19I 
114 
34 
3.556 
9 
537 
14 ^ 
207 
20 
108 
4 
2,722 
9 ^ 
482 
w 
193 
22 
90 
44 
2,151 
10 
435 
15 ^ 
l8l 
24 
75 
5 
i ,742 
mi 
395 
16 
170 
26 
64 
54 
1,440 
11 
360 
i6i 
164 
28 
55 
6 
1,210 
nh 
329 
17 
150 
3 ° 
48 
TABLE OF INCOME OR WAGES. 
Per Year. 
Per Mon. 
Per Wk. 
Per Day. 
rt 
o 
V 
i , 
Per Mon. 
Per Wk. 
Per Day. 
Per Year. 
Per Mon. 
Per Wk. 
Per Day. 
£ 5. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
rf. 
s. 
d. 
-f 
s. 
£ 
s. 
d. 
- 
d. 
s. 
d. 
1 £ 
S. -f 
s. 
d. 
£ 
s. 
d. 
£ 
s. d. 
1 0 
1 
8 
0 
44 
0 
of 
8 
8 
0 
14 
0 
3 
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0 
54 
18 
18 1 
II 
6 
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7 
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0 5 
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0 16 
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10 114 
5 5 
8 
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5 
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0 
9 i 
300 
0 25 
0 
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15 
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16 5i 
510 
9 
2 
2 
14 
0 
3 k 
14 
14 
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4 
6 
5 
7 i 
0 
9 * 
400 
0 :33 
6 
8 
7 
13 
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0 
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7 4 i 
6 6 
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15 
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6 10 10 
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700 
0 58 
6 
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18 4 i 
7 ojn 
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800 
0 66 
13 
4 15 
7 
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2 
3 30 
7 712 
3 
2 
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0 
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17 
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6 
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900 
° 75 
0 
0 17 
6 
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2 
9 3 ! 
7 10.12 
6 
2 
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9 
9 
6 
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IOOO 
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6 
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ni 
TO ASCERTAIN, BY WEIGHING 20, THE WEIGHT 
PER ACRE OF POTATOS, TURNIPS, 
CARROTS, &c. 
Inches 
between 
plants. 
No. of 
plants 
per acre 
1400 lbs. 
per 
acre. 
2800 lbs. 
per 
acre. 
4200 lbs. 
per 
acre. 
5600 lbs. 
per 
acre. 
lbs. 
lbs. 
lbs. 
lbs. 
6 
174.240 
o'i6o 
0*320 
0-482 
0*642 
7 
128,013 
0'2l8 
0-437 
0656 
0-874 
8 
98,010 
0-285 
0-571 
0-856 
1*142 
9 
77.440 
0*361 
0723 
I-O84 
1-446 
IO 
62,726 
0-449 
0*892 
1-388 
1-785 
II 
5 I .S4° 
0-540 
1*080 
1*620 
2*160 
12 
43.560 
0*642 
1-285 
1-927 
2-571 
13 
37.n6 
0754 
1-508 
2-262 
3-017 
14 
32,003 
0-874 
3 749 
2-624 
3-449 
15 
27,878 
3*005 
2'0I0 
3-015 
4*021 
l6 
24,502 
1-142 
2-285 
3-427 
4-571 
17 
21,704 
1*290 
2*580 
3-870 
5-160 
18 
19.360 
1-445 
2-891 
4-336 
5-782 
19 
17,375 
i-6ii 
3-223 
4'834 
6-446 
20 
12,681 
1-785 
3'57i 
5756 
7*342 
Example .—If the produce of 20 Potato stools, or if 20 Turnips, growing 12 
inches apart from each other, weigh 0-642 of a lb., then the produce per acre 
is 1400 lbs.; if 1285, then 2800 lbs. per acre ; and so on. The second column 
shows the number of plants per acre ; at 12 inches distance each way, the 
number is 43,560 .—Garden Annual. 
TABLE SHOWING EQUIVALENT OF INCHES OF 
RAIN IN GALLONS AND WEIGHT PER ACRE. 
Inches of rain. 
O’l 
0*2 
0-3 
0*4 
o*5 
0*6 
0-7 
0-8 
0-9 
i in. 
Tons per acre. 
10 
20 
30 
40 
50 
61 
71 
81 
9i 
101 
Gallons per acre... 
2,262 
4,525 
6,787 
9,049 
11,312 
13,574 
15,836 
18,098 
20,361 
22.623 
TIMBER MEASURE. 
To Find the Area of a Board or Plank.— Rule .—Multiply the lengt by 
the mean breadth of the area. Note .—When the board tapers, add the breaci.h 
at the two ends together, and take half the sum for the mean breadth. 
To Find the Solid Contents of Squared Timber.— Rule .—Multiply the 
mean breadth by the mean thickness, and the product by the length, for the 
contents. 
To Find the Solidity of Round or Unsquared Timber .—Rule I .— 
Multiply the square of one-fourth of the mean circumference, or of the mean 
quarter girth, by the length, for the contents. Rule II .—Find the area corres- 
- ponding to the quarter girth in inches, and multiply it by the length of the tree 
or piece of timber in feet, then will the product be the solidity in feet, and 
decimal parts of a foot, according to Rule I. 
Note .—When a tree tapers regularly the girth may be taken at the middle 
for the mean girth, or it may be taken at both ends, when half the sum will be 
the mean girth. When a tree tapers irregularly, being thick in some places 
and small in others, the girth may be taken at the ends, and at equal intervals, 
then the sum of the girths, divided by their number, will be the mean girth ; 
or the tree may be divided into several lengths, and the contents of each part 
computed separately, then their sum will be the contents of the whole tree.— 
Pardon's Almanack. 
AMOUNT OF SEEDS FOR 
Asparagus bed of 15 square yards 
Beans, Broad, row of 80 feet .. 
Beet, row of 50 feet 
Broccoli, 4 square yards 
Brussels Sprouts, 4 square yards 
Cabbage, bed of 8 square yards 
Carrots, drill of 120 feet 
,, bed of 12 square yards 
Cauliflower, 4 square yards .. 
Celery, 4 square yards 
Cress, 3 square yards 
Endive, 4 square yards 
Kale, 4 square yards 
Kidney Beans, row of 80 feet.. 
Leek, 2 square yards 
Lettuce, 4 square yards 
Mushrooms, 7 square yards 
Onions, 9 square yards 
Parsley, row of 80 feet 
Parsnip, drill of 200 feet 
Peas, early, row of 60 feet 
,, large, late, row of 80 feet 
Potatos, row of 30 feet.. 
Radishes, 4 square yards 
Savoy, 4 square yards 
Spinach, 10 square yards 
,, drill of 120 feet 
Turnip, 4 square yards 
DIFFERENT 
spa\ 
AREAS. 
1 pint 
1J quart 
2 ounces 
pint 
ounce 
bushel 
ounces 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
2 
ij pint 
£ peck 
i£ ounce 
1 »» 
2 11 
2 ,, 
1 
SEEDS' REQUIRED 
Barley, 2J to 2j bushels 
Beans, 2 to 2% bushels 
Beet, 12 lbs. 
Bromus Schroederi, 60 lbs. 
Broom (for Cover), 20 lbs. 
Buckwheat, 2 bushels 
Burnet, 40 lbs. 
Cabbage, in drills, 5 to 6 lbs. 
,, for transplanting, 1 lb. 
Canary, 3 pecks 
Carrot, 8 to 10 lbs. 
Chicory, 8 lbs. 
Clover, 16 lbs. 
Gorse for Cover, 30 lbs. 
,, for Cutting, 50 lbs. 
Kohl Rabi, to transplant, 1 lb. 
,, in drills, 4 lbs. 
Lucerne, 20 lbs, 
,, drilled, 15 lbs. 
Lupin, 3 bushels 
TO SOW AN ACRE. 
Mustard, 3 galls., or 20 lbs. 
Oats, 3 to 4 bushels 
Parsnips, 8 lbs. 
Peas, 3 bushels 
Potatos, about 24 bushels 
Rape, 1 gallon 
Rye, 2J to 3 bushels 
Rye-grass, 3 bushels 
,, drilled, 2J bushels 
Rye-grass and Clover, 1 peck 
Sainfoin in husk, 5 bushels 
,, milled, 56 lbs. 
Sunflower, 8 lbs. 
Swedes, 3 lbs. 
Tares, spring, 2 to 2J bushels 
,, winter, 2| bushels 
Trifolium, 24 lbs. 
Turnips, yellow-fleshed, 3 lbs. 
,, white-fleshed, 3 to 4 lbs. 
Wheat, 2 to 2I bushels. 
ARTIFICIAL MANURES AND THEIR APPLICATION. 
Manures. 
Applied to 
Weight per acre. 
Guano. 
All crops . 
1 to 3 cwt. 
Superphosphate of Lime ... 
Turnips, Barley, Oats 
3 „ 5 ., 
Common Salt. 
Grain and Wurzel. 
I „ 2 ,, 
30 ,, 40 bushels. 
Soot . 
Grain and Potatos . 
Sulphate of Ammonia 
Grain crops, with common 
salt. 
I ,, i£ cwt. 
Nitrate of Soda . 
Ditto do. . 
I Ik 
Gypsum . 
Clover, Potatos, &c. 
IO „ 20 „ 
Rape Cake . 
Grain crops, &c. 
6 „ 8 „ 
12 ,, 16 bushels. 
Bone Dust . 
Turnips, grass lands 
HICKS WILKINSON &. SEARS, Johnson 5 Court, Fleet Street, E C 
0 
<► 
Soluble manures should be applied during growth .—Garden Annual. 
The Gardening CClorld. 
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