March 18, 1898. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
451 
NEW FUCHSIAS. 
Last season Mr. James Lye, the well-known Fuchsia 
raiser and exhibitor, of Clyffe Hall, Market Laving- 
ton, submitted to us some foliage and flowers of new 
Fuchsias of his own raising, after subjecting them 
to several seasons’ trial. Among them was a fine 
double white corollad variety of great promise 
named Snowdrop, having a clear bright red tube 
and sepals, with a well-formed white corolla, pro¬ 
mising to be valuable both for exhibition and 
decorative purposes. Clipper is a remarkably fine 
single flowered Fuchsia in the way of Charming, the 
tube and sepals brilliant red, the corolla rosy- 
magenta: a very fine exhibition and decorative 
variety. This was the only dark variety sent, the 
four following varieties coming into the light section, 
viz.: Louisa Balfour, creamy white tube and sepals, 
stout, well-formed bright rosy-carmine corolla, fine 
shape, habit excellent, short-jointed, and very free 
blooming. Mr. Lye exhibited a specimen of this 
variety at the Bath Show in September last, a speci¬ 
men nine feet in height, perfect in shape, and loaded 
with flowers, and it proved the floral sensation of 
the show. 
Wiltshire Favourite has white tube and sepals, 
corolla bright reddish-carmine, flowers stout and 
bold and very fine in shape ; this also promises to 
make a grand exhibition variety. Lye’s Advance 
has white tube and sepals and pale pinkish corolla, 
very pretty and attractive; a charming decorative 
variety. Lastly is Lye's Eclipse, waxy-white tube 
and sepals, deep bright carmine corolla; also a fine 
decorative and exhibition variety. Some specimens 
of Advance were sent at the same time, but, being 
crushed in the course of transit, we were unable 
to form a correct estimate of them, though Mr. Lye 
thinks it is one of the best varieties he has raised. 
Mr. James Lye deserves great praise for his 
thorough trial of his new varieties before he puts 
them into commerce. An excellent illustration of 
this fact is found in the circumstance that he 
exhibited at Bath in September last, as above stated, 
a specimen of Louisa Balfour nine feet in height, 
which must have represented at least three years' 
growth. Habit and floriferousness Mr. Lye regards 
as indispensable to a good exhibition and decorative 
variety, and when he stages a collection of nine 
varieties of large and striking specimens, it not un- 
frequently happens they are all of his own raising. 
--i-- 
WINTER BROCCOLI. 
According to my own observation and experience, 
Veitch’s Autumn self-protecting Broccoli is the best 
winter Broccoli extant, and especially for cold or low 
situations. I have no accommodation in the way of 
pits or frames for storing the mid-winter varieties, 
and I know from experience that such varieties have 
to be taken up and stored under glass as soon as they 
begin to fold in, especially in low, damp situations, 
in order to save them from destruction by frost. It 
is when both Broccoli and Cauliflowers are just 
beginning to “ button ” or form their heads that the 
plants are most tender, and therefore most liable to 
be injured from frost, and as the so-called early 
Broccoli begin to fold in during the last and first 
months of the year, I would ask, in how many places 
these can be relied upon to be of service when wanted 
unless they are protected under glass ? 
This winter we had a good patch of one of the 
early varieties, they began to fold in before Christ¬ 
mas, and when the severe frost came we had them 
protected by turning the leaves well in and covering 
them up with a good thickness of Sweet Pea haulm. 
They were in a sheltered spot too, but for all that we 
did not save one plant out of fifty, and this was only 
a repetition of previous experience. Requiring an 
unbroken supply of Broccoli until the Cauliflowers 
come in, we have, consequently, to resort to rough- 
and-ready measures for keeping up the supply as 
long as required. 
For several years past we have planted a double 
quantity of Veitch’s Autumn self-protecting Broccoli, 
which generally begins to come in after the Autumn 
Giant Cauliflower and lasts for a long period. When- 
severe frost is coming on, I always have every 
plant that shows the least signs of heading in taken 
up, keeping the most forward ones apart from the 
later heads. They are lifted with as much root as 
possible and placed in a patch together. We take 
out a trench first and then dig them in, just touch¬ 
ing each other, as though they were growing. When 
the plantation is completed they are protected with 
mats at first, and with long litter as the frost becomes 
intensified. On dry, fine days they are uncovered 
in the morning, the covering being replaced at night, 
and as the leaves show signs of decaying they are 
gone over and removed. 
A patch protected in this way we kept free from 
injury, even from 26° of frost, and have been cutting 
good Broccoli ever since, at the rate of a dozen and 
a dozen and a half a week. One of the main things 
is to get a true stock, and this done, there is no 
better Broccoli in cultivation for supplying a private 
family through the winter months. Should the 
weather continue mild I am not without hope of 
being able to keep up an unbroken supply, a feat not 
easily accomplished.— Can. 
-- 
NOTES FROM AMERICA. 
Preparing for Easter Around New York. 
With Easter comes a busy time for the florist trade 
in the States, as at this season there is a large 
demand for flowers and plants, and prices rule high. 
In consequence of this many large growers concen¬ 
trate their efforts in the preparation of stock for 
Easter, and their year’s work all tends in this direc¬ 
tion. One of the principal growers among this class 
is Mr. James Dean, of Bay Ridge, N.Y., whose place 
I recently visited, and was much pleased with what 
I saw there. Mr. Dean is a splendid type of the 
Mr. James Dean. 
Scottish race, a man who by perseverance and hard 
work has risen to a very high position among his 
confreres. He received his early training from his 
father, who at that time was gardener at Kinmont 
Castle in Dumfriesshire. He came to America in 
1850, before the greyhounds of the Atlantic were 
thought of, for, as he told me, his voyage out occupied 
eight weeks. 
When the war broke out between the North and 
South our friend left the peaceful pursuits of gar¬ 
dening for the more exciting occupation of a warrior- 
He went through the Civil War, greatly distinguished 
himself, and rose to the rank of lieutenant. He now 
derives great pleasure from being numbered in the 
ranks of the grand army of veterans. Returning to 
his first profession a competence and further honours 
awaited him, for he was successful in business, and 
his wide knowledge and sterling integrity has won 
for him the respect and esteem of the whole florist 
community. He has been President of the Society 
of American Florists, and also of the New York 
Florists’ Club, in which latter office he has lately 
been succeeded by Mr. W. A. Manda. Fie is now busy 
as Chief of Horticulture for the State of New York at 
the World’s Fair, and is determined to make his 
State exhibit a success. 
The "glass” at Bay Ridge consists of fifteen 
houses, each 150 ft. long, and each filled with a 
grand stock of Easter plants, and for neatness and 
good order Bay Ridge is matchless on this side of 
the Atlantic. Running through the bouses I found 
them filled as follows:—1, Adiantums; 2, Azaleas; 
3, Lilium Harrisii, or the Bermuda Lily ; 4, Panda- 
nus Veitchii and Nephrolepis exaltata, I also 
noticed in this house a huge plant some 12 ft. high 
of the Monstera deliciosa in fruit; 5 and 6, Kentias 
Belmoreana and Forsteriana, from 18 in. to 5 ft. 
high and splendidly furnished; 7, 5,000 Lilium 
Harrisii, a grand lot; 8, Azaleas and some huge 
Genistas, 9 ft. high and 5 ft. through ; g and 10, 
Azaleas, chiefly the varieties Apollo, L’Empereur, 
Van Chryson, and Saccontella ; n, Ficus and Arau¬ 
carias; 12, Pteris in variety; 13, Begonias; 14, 
Genistas and Cannas, chiefly Madame Crozi, for 
which Mr. May is famous; and 15, Hydrangeas, 
bulbs, and Lilium Harrisii. I send you a photo of 
Mr. Dean which may be of some interest to your 
many readers north of the Tweed.— Am. Ccr. 
*♦ * " 
01 timings fmun IBjtetfr 
nf 3mm?. 
Average Production of Wheat in Europe.— 
For several months past the Division of Statistics of 
the United States Department of Agriculture has 
been engaged in gathering official statistics of the 
production and distribution of agricultural products 
throughout all the countries of the world, so far as 
they can be ascertained. The average production of 
Wheat in Europe, as far as it is officially reported, 
was 1,094,790,723 bushels for a period extending 
from 1881 to 1890. Adding to this the commercial 
estimates for Bulgaria, Servia, Greece, Spain, 
Switzerland, and Turkey during the same time, the 
average of 1,269,200,000 bushels is obtained. The 
average production of the United Kingdom during 
the same time was 77,676,551 bushels. The average 
imports for the same were 107,120,176 bushels; the 
exports average 1,592,528, so that the average net 
supply for a period of ten years was 183,204,199 
bushels. This would show that the British Islands 
do not produce half so much Wheat as is necessary 
to supply the inhabitants with food. 
Kangra Buckwheat.—The seeds of different 
species with their varieties of Fagopyrum are used 
in various parts of the world, but particularly in 
central Asia, as human food. In this country it is 
more or less extensively used as food for several of 
the lower and domesticated animals. The species 
named F. esculentum is perhaps most extensively 
used, but more recently it has been shown that 
another species is also cultivated in the Himalayas 
at least. This is F. tartaricum, and the Kangra 
Buckwheat is a variety of it. In nutritious value it 
is inferior to Wheat but superior to Rice. The 
Kangra variety has recently been analysed by 
Professor Church, who pronounces it to be consider¬ 
ably richer in flesh-forming constituents than any 
other cultivated form of Buckwheat in cultivation. 
The seed, says the professor, contains a smaller 
amount of fibre and a larger amount of oil than 
other varieties ; but, on the contrary, he states that 
the proportion of albuminoids is lower. The 
Himalayan variety is also more easily removed from 
the husk, and taking all things together it looks as if 
the cultivation of this variety should receive more 
encouragement in the future than it has done. 
Remedies for the Goat Moth. —The larva of 
this moth bores into the tissue not only of several of 
our fruit trees but also several forest trees. Some 
interesting experiments have been made by M. de 
Prune, chief surveyor of bridges and highways upon 
the plantations along the public roads of the estate 
of Hainault, Belgium, as .related by the Revue de 
l'Horticulture Beige. He considers it easy to destroy 
the moth and cure the tree if taken in time. By 
means of a mallet and a carpenter’s chisel, he lifts a 
portion of the bark in order to discover the where¬ 
abouts of the larvae of the moth. This done, he 
injects into the holes an insecticide consisting of a 
mixture of naphtha and spirit of petroleum. The 
mixture was made on account of the great tendency 
of the naphtha to volatilise. It is very powerful in 
its effects, and serves not merely to dislodge the 
insect but to destroy it. The wound or exposed 
portion of the tree is afterwards painted over with 
mineral tar. The materials necessary are a syringe, 
two probes of india rubber, 20 in. of india rubber 
hose to allow of the placing of the probes, a vessel 
for the insecticide, a mallet and a carpenter’s chisel. 
The Minister of Public Works has just decided that 
M. de Prune's method shall be adopted in all 
the plantations of the highways and canal banks of 
the country administered by the estate. 
