April 1, 1893. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
483 
last few years. Everything, so far, seems to have 
favoured the market gardener less the unfortunate 
increase in railway rates, which, however, have at 
last been somewhat moderated. 
the outer petals loosely revolute. The leaves are 
large and richly coloured. A Floricultural Certifi¬ 
cate was accorded it when sho .vn by Messrs. Wm. 
Paul & Son. 
PLANTS RECENTLY CERTIFICATED, 
The undermentioned plants were exhibited at the 
first spring show of the Royal Botanic Society, on 
the 22nd ult. 
Pandanus BAPTisTi.--The species of Pandanus 
have as a rule sharp prickly serratures or even 
spines at the edges of the leaves, and in some cases 
very troublesome spines on the midrib beneath. 
That under notice has no spines whatever, but grace¬ 
fully arching, channelled deep green leaves i J ft. to 
3 ft. long. A white band of variable breadth runs 
along the centre. A Botanical Certificate was 
awarded it. 
Hippeastrum Vedeite.— The flowers of this 
variety are funnel-shaped, but widely spreading at 
the mouth, with broadly elliptic and overlapping 
segments of a rich dark crimson shaded 
with maroon in the throat. It received a 
Floricultural Certificate. 
Hippeastrum'] Renown. — There] is 
scarcely any tube to this flower, owing to 
its widely expanded condition and widely 
bell-shaped form. The three outer seg¬ 
ments are broadly elliptic, and the inner 
ones similar but considerably narrower. 
All are of a clear scarlet on the upper 
half, with a white band running from 
the base three parts down them. The 
base of the three lower ones are white. 
A Floricultural Certificate was awarded 
the variety. Both of the Hippeastrums 
and the Pandanus were exhibited by 
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea. 
Caraguata Cardinalis. — For des¬ 
cription of this noble Bromeliad, see p. 
468. It received a Botanical Certificate 
when shown by Messrs. B. S. Williams 
& Son, Upper Holloway. 
Auricula Old Gold.— This may be 
described as a self-coloured show variety. 
The flowers are of moderate size, but 
when we say that there were twelve or 
fourteen flowers or buds on a scape, of 
which there were two on a small plant 
it may readily be taken for granted that 
the individual blooms would come much 
larger if half their number were removed. 
The segments of the flower are slightly 
crisped at the margin, and of a dusky or 
old gold colour, with a slight indication 
of a bronzy tint at the edge of the paste. 
The latter is pure white, but has a scol¬ 
loped though well defined outline, the 
number of rounded lobes corresponding 
to the number of segments. The colour 
is novel in its way, and though certain 
peculiarities may be looked upon as 
blemishes in a show flower, the variety 
is nevertheless novel and interesting for 
the sake of the variety it affords. A 
Floricultural Certificate was awarded it 
when shown by Mr. J. Douglas, gardener to Mrs. 
Whitbourn, Great Gearies, Ilford. 
Hyacinth Roi des Belges.— It is seldom that 
certificates are awarded to Hyacinths, no doubt 
because little or nothing has been done in the way 
of new varieties for some years. The plant shown 
was grown in a 24-size pot and bore a dense spike of 
dark shining red flowers. A Floricultural Certifi¬ 
cate was awarded it when exhibited by Mr. Robert 
Sydenham, Tenby Street, Birmingham. 
t ritillaria aurea.— For description of this 
hardy Fritillary, see p. 468. A Botanical Certificate 
was awarded it when exhibited by Mr. T. S. Ware, 
Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham. 
Lilac Leon Simon.— The double varieties of 
Lilac seem as amenable to forcing as the single ones. 
The flowers in this case are large, soft uniform lilac, 
double, fragrant and produced in close pyramidal 
panicles. A Floricultural Certificate was awarded it 
when exhibited by Messrs, Paul & Son. 
Rose Christine de Noue.— For a Tea Rose the 
flowers of this variety are very rich in colour. The 
blooms when forced at least are moderate in size, of 
a warm deep rose, and compact in the centre with 
RHODODENDRON 
RACEMOSUM. 
The species of the above name is one of about thirty 
discovered in Central China some twelve years ago 
by the Abbe Delavary, who has also sent hpme many 
other new plants belonging to different families. A 
pan of small plants in flower was exhibited by 
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, at the Drill Hall on the 
19th April last year, and from this exhibit the accom¬ 
panying illustration was taken. At a recent meeting 
of the Edinburgh Botanical Society, the curator, 
Mr. Lindsay, exhibited a new Rhododendron under 
the name of R. racemosum, and it was looked upon 
as flowering probably for the first time in Britain. 
It would be interesting to know whether it corre¬ 
sponds with the illustration here given. Some 
dispute has been raised as to the correctness of the 
during very dull or damp weather, and whilst som e 
sorts were described as good winter setters, their 
fruit produce seemed to be of the poorest. The 
chairman’s gardener seemed to have raised some 
plants in the summer, have grown them on in 
warmth, and induced them to set several trusses of 
bloom in the autumn, and these had during the 
winter slowly and gradually ripened—hence the good 
results to which reference had been made. It was 
not at all difficult to have Tomatos in the winter in 
that way, but setting bloom in the winter and getting 
the fruits to swell freely was very difficult. A hearty 
vote of thanks to the lecturer and the chairman 
closed the proceedings. 
Rhododendron racemosum. 
name, as the plant in question does not correspond 
to the author’s description nor with the specimens in 
the Kew Herbarium. 
TOMATOS. 
How considerable is the interest which attaches to 
Tomatos, has been evidenced by the fact that horti¬ 
cultural lecturers have invariably found reference to 
Tomatos and their culture the most popular of 
subjects. Last Friday evening Mr. A. Dean, of 
Kingston, lectured on the Tomato to a very large 
audience at the Public Hall, Beckenham, on behalf 
of the local horticultural society, describing the 
nature, development, culture, variety, and almost 
everything useful in relation to it. The chairman, 
Dr. Kirby, in commenting upon the lecture, said 
that so far as the production of winter fruits were 
concerned, his gardener, Mr. Webster, had been very 
successful, having kept him well supplied up to 
February. 
The lecturer, in reply, stated that the great difficulty 
to encounter in relation to the winter production of 
Tomatos was getting the flowers fertilised, especially 
(Meanings fzmn xh ^ ffl)ar Ur 
Apple Scab.—It appears,according to the testimony 
of Mr. Fairchild of the Division of Pathology, at 
Washington, as recorded in Bulletin 48 of the 
Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, 
that the fungus of Apple Scab (Fusi- 
cladium dendriticum) attacks the young 
Apples at a much earlier stage of their 
growth than was at one time supposed. 
He even states that the young fruits may 
be attacked before the petals fall. When 
the spraying of the trees is intended 
the first application should be given 
before the unexpandeJ buds open. The 
surface of the fruit then gets coated 
with the fungicide and thereby prevents 
the spores from germinating there. 
When once the fungus has got into the 
interior, the most that can be done is 
to prevent it from spreading. It is now 
pretty well known that fruits attacked 
thus early, like the young shoots and 
leaves, never attain any size and at the 
best are very badly malformed. Later 
attacks are not so harmful. 
The Codlin Moth.—The spring 
brood of this lays its eggs in the eye 
of the young Apple, and while the 
latter is still erect on its pedicel. This 
is then the best time to spray the trees, 
because the young grubs can only get 
killed by eating some of the poison 
while attempting to make an entrance 
into the interior. Spraying must there¬ 
fore be commenced at an early stage to 
make sure that the eye of the Apple 
gets sprayed before the grubs commence 
their work. After they get into the 
interior, spraying is all in vain. 
Pruning in relation to spray¬ 
ing. —Nowhere do the evil effects of 
neglected trees appear with greater 
force than when the cultivator com¬ 
mences to spray them, particularly if he 
has an eye to see, and an understand¬ 
ing to comprehend the situation of 
affairs. Spraying, to be effectual, must 
be thorough, so as to ensure every part 
of the tree being reached where a spore 
could grow, or an insect attack a leaf 
or fruit. When pruning has been neglected there is 
a thicket of branches which prevents the liquid spray 
from reaching the interior of the tree. The density 
of the branches and leaves also serves to retain 
moisture till a later period of the day, and this 
moisture alone is favourable to the growth of fungi. 
Combined spraying. —Owing to the fact that 
Apple scab and the Codlin Moth commence their 
attack upon the Apple nearly at the same time, it has 
been considered by the professors at the Cornell 
University Agricultural Experiment station that both 
the spraying with the fungicide and the insecticide 
could be economically accomplished at one and the 
same time. Seeing that the Apple scab commences 
its attack at an earlier period than the Codlin Moth.it 
would only be necessary to apply the fungicide before 
the blossoms open. Then in the next stage of the 
Apple while the fruits are still erect, both the fungi¬ 
cide and the insecticide might be given together, 
thus effecting a saving of time and labour, which are 
matters of no small importance to those who grow 
fruit for profit. As the Apples attain some size and 
hang down, the insecticide may be discontinued, 
while the fungicide may be repeated as it continues 
its mischief all through the season. Then the 
amount of rain that falls after any given spraying 
must be taken into consideration, as, when heavy, it 
washes off the poisons used in spraying. 
