549 
April 29, 1893. THE GARDENING WORLD. 
enough into their permanent quarters like any other 
of the races of the Cabbage. After they are estab¬ 
lished in their permanent quarters, all that is 
necessary is to keep the ground clean during the 
summer and autumn months. Nothing should be 
removed from them till spring ; and if a good growth 
is encouraged in the meantime, the produce will be 
all the heavier when gathered in spring. 
The Egyptian Kale is one of the sorts used as 
substitutes for Sea Kale and Asparagus, hence the 
name of Asparagus Kale given to it by some culti¬ 
vators. The striking feature of this Borecole or 
open-headed Cabbage is its dwarfness, the main stem 
seldom exceeding 6 in¬ 
ches in height. The side 
sprouts given off in spring 
however, attain a length 
of 12 in. or more, and boil 
quite tender. They may be 
blanched if so desired. 
The so-called Jerusalem 
Kale is similar in habit to 
the last-named, but the 
margins of the leaves are 
curled instead of being 
plaited. They are also 
tinged with purple when 
young. The spring devel¬ 
oped sprouts may also be 
blanched. The variety is 
also known as Delaware 
Greens and Delaware 
Kale. A stronger growing 
sort is that known as Buda 
Kale, with stems 18 in. to 
2 ft. high, from the sides 
of which a great quantity 
of sprouts is produced in 
March and April or even 
later in seasons when 
vegetation is less forward 
than the present. The 
leaves of the sprouts are 
comparatively small,glau¬ 
cous, and they as well as 
the shoots bearing them 
are often tinted with pur¬ 
ple. The stems or sprouts 
boil quite tender even if 
allowed to grow till they 
are 12 in. long. They may 
then be cut in half, the 
leaves removed if so de¬ 
sired and the shoots tied 
together like Asparagus 
and then boiled. Every 
part of these shoots boils 
quite tender, is remark¬ 
ably rich in flavour, and 
proves palatable to any¬ 
body fond of greens. 
It is questionable as to 
which of the above three 
the name of Asparagus 
Kale should. belong, if 
indeed it has a right to be 
applied to any one of them 
in precedence to another. 
The Buda Kale is perhaps 
as frequently grown as 
either, and proves very 
useful on account of 
its hardiness, and the 
quantity of sprouts it 
will produce in spring. The 
severe frost and snow we had about Christmas and 
the early part of January had no impression upon it, 
so that cultivators who have not yet given their 
attention to it may well add it to their list of 
vegetables and devote a piece of good soil to it in an 
open situation, along with other better known sorts 
of Kale or even with Brussels Sprouts to which the 
spring developed shoots would naturally form a 
succession. Besides Buda Kale and Asparagus 
Kale it has a considerable number of synonyms 
thus proving its popularity in various countries, 
some of which have a colder climate than 
Britain.— F. 
The Dundee Chrysanthemum Society will hold its 
annual exhibition in the Kinnaird Hall, Dundee, on 
November 22nd and 23rd, 
INSECT PESTS AND THEIR 
EXTERMINATION. 
By the invitation of C. D. Wise, Esq., a number of 
gentlemen met at Toddington on Saturday last to 
witness a further trial of the Stott Co’s. Horticultural 
Appliances. The new pump was tested in every pos¬ 
sible way. For caterpillar, two distributors were used, 
thus the water was impregnated with the contents of 
two six-celled machines. The other delivery from the 
pump had a six-celled machine, and with this red 
spider, black and green fly w'ere soon placed hors de 
combat. The various sprayers were fully put to the 
test, the new adjustable 
one and the straight dou¬ 
ble sprayer gave special 
satisfaction, some speci¬ 
mens of caterpillar taking 
longer to destroy than 
others. Killmright was 
then mixed at the rate of 2 
cz. to the gallon, and many 
of the gentlemen’s garden¬ 
ers having found a good 
supply, these were dosed. 
Many were killed by con¬ 
tact immediately, others 
required a second dose to 
finish them. 
Luncheon was served at 
the Mansion House, Mr. 
C. D. Wise taking the 
duties of president in the 
absence of Lord Sudeley, 
who wired that he was un¬ 
avoidably detained inLon- 
don. After luncheon, Mr. 
Wise thanked the gentle¬ 
men present for their 
attendance.remarkingthat 
the fruit-growing interest 
was well represented by 
the Evesham Fruit Grow¬ 
ing Association, represen¬ 
ting Gloucestershire, Mr. 
C. Lee Campbell and 
others, Herefordshire, and 
Mr. Best, Worcestershire. 
They had had a most in¬ 
teresting trial, and he 
would go further and say 
that for some little time 
they had been using Killm¬ 
right in the houses, and 
found it thoroughly effect¬ 
ual on red spider, aphis, 
black fly, and mildew on 
the Roses. Mr. Joseph 
Martin then proposed a 
vote of thanks to Lord 
Sudeley for giving them 
an opportunity of meeting 
together and seeing for 
themselves what could be 
done. He remarked that it 
was not only what they 
had seen, but he had been 
talking withthe gardeners, 
and they were satisfied it 
was right both in theory 
and practice. Mr. Stott 
supported the vote of 
thanks to Lord Sudeley, 
and remarked that there 
were very few pests in¬ 
deed that could not be overcome if the growers would 
persevere ; the accounts he received were the same 
from all parts of the country. Mr. Wise remarked 
that they had previously used quassia and soft soap, 
but they found Killmright to cost one quarter the 
amount and was far more effectual. The visitors 
were subsequently driven round the orchards. 
ASPARAGUS KALE. 
There are three varieties of the common Cabbage 
(Brassica oleracea) to which this name is applied ; 
and three of them come under the race of Kale or 
Borecole (B. o. acephala), while the fourth is a 
variety of the race of true or hearting Cabbages (B. 
o. capitata). The true name of this sort is the 
Portugal Cabbage or Couve Tronchuda, the midribs 
of the leaves of which are made to do service as a 
substitute for Asparagus. The first three varieties 
mentioned have, however, a better right to the title 
of Asparagus Kale, seeing that the young stems or 
sprouts produced in spring are the parts eaten. The 
young leaves may of course be eaten as well, just as 
in the case of Sprouting Broccoli and Cottagers’ 
Kale ; but the stems alone when divested of their 
leaves may well be compared to Asparagus, and 
even form an excellent substitute for it. Another 
practice is to cover the plants in spring with Sea 
Kale pots, so as to blanch the sprouts which arise 
from the stem of the previous year. 
Maxillaria Sanderiana. 
About the first week in April is a good time to sow 
seed in the southern counties for the first or most 
advanced crop. A fortnight earlier would be more 
suitable for cold and northern districts. Another 
sowing may be made for the sake of succession about 
the first week of May, and in the case of Buda Kale 
particularly a sowing may be made about the end of 
August to prolong the supply as late as possible in 
spring. Any good garden soil will meet the require¬ 
ments of Asparagus Kale. If of a light or sandy 
nature, good supplies of well-rotted farmyard manure 
dug into it at the autumn or winter digging will 
ensure the success of the Kales in question. Such a 
soil would be favourable to their proper keeping in 
winter ; but both are wonderfully hardy and suffer 
very little even in rich soils. The seeds should, of 
course, be sown in beds and transplanted when strong 
