ON THE MIXED HERBAGE OP PERMANENT MEADOW. 
1391 
when the two plots were practically manured a,like, it is seen that in the first, 
the Graminese, the Leguminosse, and the Miscellaneae, were each in excess on plot 6; 
whilst in the second the Graminese and Leguminosse were in somewhat greater 
deficiency, but the Miscellaneae were again in excess. After the change of manure 
on plot 6, there was in the first subsequent separation-year a slight, and in the 
second a great, increase of gramineous herbage. There was also in the first a slight, 
and in the second a greater, increase in the leguminous herbage; and, again, of 
miscellaneous herbage, there was a less amount of increase in the first, and a greater 
in the second. 
Looking more to detail, the results show that in the fourth separation-year Holcus 
lanatus had then increased in yield, compared with plot 5, about as much as all the 
other grasses put together; and those which also increased in a greater or less degree 
in both the third and fourth separation-years are Anthoxantkum odoratum , Avena 
elatior, A. pubescens , A. flavescens, Poa prat ensis, P. trivialis , and Dactylis glomerata, 
whilst Lolium perenne and Festuca ovina only gained in the fourth separation-year. 
On the other hand, Agrostis vulgaris declined in the fourth separation-year nearly as 
much as Holcus lanatus increased. 
Of the leguminous produce on plot 6, which was much more in the fourth than in 
the third separation-year, and which in both cases consisted almost exclusively of 
Lathyrus pratensis, nearly the whole of the amount was in excess of that on plot 5. 
Of Miscellanese there was, in each separation-year, more on plot 6 than on plot 5, so 
that the excess after the change of manure cannot be attributed exclusively to that 
change. The greatest excess on plot 6 is of Rumex Acetosa, next of Achillea Mille¬ 
folium, then of Luzula campestris, and then of Conopodium denudatum. 
Thus, the effect of the change from ammonia-salts to a complete mineral manure 
was to increase the yield of by far the majority of the grasses, and of Holcus lanatus 
especially, and to diminish that of only very few, but of these, Agrostis vulgaris con¬ 
siderably. It also increased the yield of the Leguminosse, and somewhat perhaps that 
of the Miscellanea. 
We have next to compare the yield of each group and species on plot 6, with the 
mixed mineral manure succeeding ammonia-salts, with that on plot 7, with the same 
mixed mineral manure every year from the commencement. The results contrast 
strikingly with those last referred to. Whilst, compared with plot 5, plot 6 gave an 
excess of almost every grass after the change, compared with plot 7 (with the con¬ 
tinuous supply of the mineral manure including potass), there was a deficiency of 
almost every grass. Thus, in the third separation-year, plot 6 showed a deficiency in 
seven, but collectively a greater excess in five; and in the fourth separation-year a 
deficiency in nine, and an excess in three, the collective deficiency being very much 
greater than the excess in the third separation-year. The only grass which yielded 
considerably more with the supply of the mineral manure for the shorter period was 
the poorer Festuca ovina ; whilst Agrostis vulgaris gave considerably less, as also did 
8 P 2 
