ON THE MIXED HERBAGE OE PERMANENT MEADOW. 
1407 
should have a marked influence on the relative proportion, and the degree of luxuriance, 
of the various components of the mixed herbage. 
The folding Table (LXXXII.) gives the percentage and per acre results of the four 
complete botanical separations, of the produce of plot 2 with dung alone, or its residue, 
and of that of plot 1 with ammonia-salts in addition. It also gives the increase in actual 
yield of each species or group over that on plot 3 without manure, and the increase on 
plot 1, with the ammonia-salts, over plot 2 without them. 
The first separation-year (1862) was the. seventh, and the last but one, of the appli¬ 
cation of the dung, so that the botanical condition of the plots at that period best 
represents the direct effects of the manure. The subsequent results on plot 2 show' 
the effects of the discontinuance of the manure, and the gradual approximation to the 
unmanured condition. The results for plot 1 show the modifications induced during, 
or after the cessation of the application of dung, when ammonia-salts were also 
applied. 
It will be observed that, in the first separation-year, the number of species w r as very 
much lower on the manured plots than on the unmanured one; and it was lower with 
the greater luxuriance, and the consequent more active struggle, where the ammonia- 
salts were applied. 
After the cessation of the application of the dung, the number of species increased 
on both plots ; but very much more without than with the ammonia-salts. Thus, the 
numbers were, in the four separation-years, on plot 2—30, 41, 47, and 52, and on plot 1, 
with the ammonia-salts, 28, 34, 36, and 34. In fact, under the influence of the residue 
of the dung alone the number of species rapidly increased, and finally reached that 
without manure ; whilst, with the ammonia-salts in addition, the increase was com¬ 
paratively very slight, and in the last separation-year there were 18 fewer species 
than without manure, or with the residue of the dung on plot 2. The reduction in the 
number, under the influence both of the direct application of the dung, and of that of 
the ammonia-salts, was almost exclusively in miscellaneous species; and the great 
relative deficiency of these in the later years, where the ammonia was supplied, is a 
striking illustration of the effects of increasing the luxuriance of the grasses in 
displacing their competitors. 
We have thus far given an outline of the differences between the amounts of produce, 
the yield of some constituents, and the general botanical character of the herbage, on 
the two farmyard-manured plots as compared with the unmanured plot. In considering 
the botanical results in more detail, it will conduce to clearness to confine attention in 
the first place to the actual and comparative results on plot 2, with the dung or its 
residue, and afterwards to trace separately the effects of the addition of the ammonia- 
salts. 
A glance at the table shows that, in 1862, the dung being still annually applied, 
there was a smaller percentage both of total Gramme®, and of total Leguminosse, and, 
8 R 2 
