1412 
MESSRS. J. B. LAWES, J. H. GILBERT, AND M. T. MASTERS, 
In the subsequent separation-years—that is, after the discontinuance of the dung 
on both plots, but with the application of the ammonia-salts continued on plot 1— 
a marked change in the botany of the plot became apparent. As on plot 2, the two 
previously most prominent grasses, Poa trivialis and Bromus mollis, declined rapidly, 
as also did Dactylis glomerata. Again, as on plot 2, but in a much more marked 
degree, Agrostis vulgaris and Hulcus lanatus rapidly increased; as also, though 
attaining a somewhat less degree of prominence than the foregoing, did Anthoxanthwm 
odoratum and Festuca ovina, the Anthoxanthum attaining a very exceptional degree 
of prominence for that plant. Of other species, Alopecurus pratensis, Arena pubescens, 
and A. elatior , increased in a small degree, whilst Poa pratensis and Lolium perenne 
fluctuated. The result was, that a larger number maintained a fair position on the 
ammonia plot after the cessation of the application of the dung. 
Leguminosse, especially Lathyrus pratensis, somewhat increased after the first 
separation-year, but in too small proportion and amount to be attributed with 
certainty to the changed condition of manuring. 
Of Miscellanese, upon the whole, a greater number came into the list of those 
yielding 1 per cent, to the produce after the change. But, under the influence of the 
continued supply of ammonia-salts, and the declining effect of the dung-residue, Rumex 
Acetosa increased very considerably, and in each year yielded a large proportion of the 
total miscellaneous produce; whilst on plot 2, without the ammonia-salts, it greatly 
diminished. Achillea Millefolium also upon, the whole increased in prominence, and 
the various species of Ranunculus were somewhat favoured. Cerastium triviale and 
Centaurea nigra, although in small proportions, also increased. Conopodium denu- 
datum, on the other hand, diminished. 
The comparison of the botany of the herbage on plot 1 with the ammonia-salts, 
with that on plot 2 without them, is shown in the last five columns of the table. It 
is seen that in the first separation-year, that is before the discontinuance of the farm¬ 
yard manure, the plot with the ammonia-salts showed a large excess of produce of the 
grasses collectively, a considerable deficiency in that of the Miscellanese, and also a 
deficiency in that of the Leguminosse. 
The grasses which were the most prominently in excess under the influence of the 
ammonia-salts were Dactylis glomerata, Poa trivialis, and Bromus mollis. Holcus 
lanatus was so in a less degree, and Festuca ovina and Lolium perenne less still. The 
grasses in actual deficiency under the influence of the ammonia-salts, and of the 
increased luxuriance of the foregoing species, were Alopecurus pratensis, Agrostis 
vulgaris, and the three Arenas—pubescens, flavescens, and elatior. Thus, the grasses 
which were the most prominent were for the most part comparatively free-growing 
and free-feeding species. 
The figures relating to the three subsequent separations show a marked change 
in the relation of the two plots after the cessation of the application of the farmyard 
manure. On plot 1, with the ammonia, there comes to be—but little excess of 
