ON THE MIXED HERBAGE OF PERMANENT MEADOW. 
1199 
manuring supplied. The general result was less than average produce with defective 
conditions of manuring, but over average with high manuring where the nitrogen 
was applied as ammonia-salts, but less than average where it was applied as nitrate 
of soda. 
Without manure the produce was very considerably deficient. The herbage was 
short, even, and scanty in development of both leaf and stem. Among the grasses, 
the hardy and surface- and fibrous-rooting Festuca ovina was the first, and the creeping- 
rooted Agrostis vulgaris the second, in order of predominance. 
With the purely mineral manure there was, notwithstanding a considerable defi¬ 
ciency of grasses, more than average total produce, due to the growth of a very 
unusual proportion and amount of leguminous herbage, which consisted almost 
exclusively of Lathyrus pratensis. There was a fairly mixed, though deficient, under¬ 
growth of grasses, Festuca ovina and Agrostis vulgaris being, however, by far the most 
prominent. Miscellaneous plants were in less amount than usual; the most prominent 
being Achillea Millefolium , which contributed nearly half; whilst Luzula campestris, 
Conopodium denudatum, and Rumex Acetosa were the next in prominence. 
With the mixed mineral manure and the smaller quantity of ammonia-salts scarcely 
the average produce was yielded. The grasses were in about, or perhaps over, average 
amount. Leguminosse were almost absent. Miscellaneous species were in less than 
average quantity. By far the most prominent grass was Poa praiensis—Agrostis 
vidgaris, Dactylis glomerata, Avena elatior, Festuca ovina , and Holcus lanatus being 
also fairly prominent. The growth was characterised by coarseness of both leaf and 
stem. The most prominent weed was Rumex Acetosa , which contributed nearly two- 
thirds of the miscellaneous herbage. The only other miscellaneous plants occurring 
in any noticeable quantity were Conopodium denudatum and Achillea Millefolium. 
With the mixed mineral manure and the double quantity of ammonia-salts there 
was considerably more than average produce, and the excess was exclusively in grasses. 
Nearly two-fifths of the whole produce was made up of the free-growing and heavy- 
yielding Dactylis glomerata ; and most of the remainder consisted of Agrostis vulgaris , 
Alopecurus pratensis, Avena elatior, Poa pratensis, and Holcus lanatus, in the order 
enumerated, but in fairly equal proportions. The herbage comprised therefore a fair 
quantity of a number of free-growing, and in some cases good meadow grasses. The 
growth was, however, very luxuriant and coarse. The only weed in any prominence 
was Rumex Acetosa. 
With the mixed mineral manure and nitrate of soda there was rather less than 
average produce. The grasses were in about average amount. Leguminosse were in 
more than average, but still in insignificant quantity. Miscellaneous plants were in 
considerably less amount than usual. Nearly half the gramineous herbage was made 
up of Bromus mollis, which was in full flower early in June ; Poa trivialis was also 
very prominent. In much less quantity followed Avena flavescens, Lolium perenne, 
Alopecurus pratensis, Holcus lanatus, and Dactylis glomerata. The only leguminous 
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