1276 
MESSRS. J. B. LAWES, J. H. GILBERT, AtfD M. T. MASTERS, 
Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum . 
This frequent ornament to cornfields and railway banks is occasionally met with in 
pastures. It has a tap-root, an erect, slightly-branched stem, and rather broad, 
coarsely-toothed leaves. 
This plant was observed on only one plot in 1862, on four in 1867, on one in 1872, 
and on four in 1877. It did not come into the samples from any plot either in 1862 
or 1867 ; but it was found in one in 1872, and in two in 1877, in each case in a small 
fraction of 1 per cent. One of the plots on which it occurred was an unmanured one. 
It is, however, abundant in neighbouring meadows under ordinary treatment. 
Senecio erucifolius has been observed on only one plot, and only in 1872 ; and it has 
in no case been met with in the samples. 
Hypochceris raclicata was observed on five plots in 1867, but on one only in 1872, 
and has never been found in the samples. 
Tragopogon pratensis. —This is a biennial plant, with a thick tap-root and long, 
sharply-pointed grass-like leaves. The yellow flowers are succeeded by rather large 
seed vessels, which are readily dispersed by means of a large pappus. 
This, the Goat’s-beard, was found in four samples in 1862, in five in 1867, in six in 
1872, and in six in 1877 ; and in the last-mentioned year it was observed on one other 
plot. It was by far the most frequent and prominent on the unmanured plots; but it 
has there never yielded more than a third of 1 per cent, of the produce. The only case 
in which it furnished more than this was on plot 9 (ammonia-salt and mixed mineral 
manure), in the first separation-year, since which time it has not been found in the 
samples from that plot. It occurred in very small amount in each of the four samples 
from plot 16, with the smaller quantity of nitrate of soda and mineral manure; but 
otherwise, beyond what has been stated, only on deficiently-manured plots, and then 
in insignificant amounts. 
Leontodon hispidus is a perennial herb, with spreading hispid root leaves, leafless 
flower-stems and yellow flowers, succeeded by feathery pappus. 
The rough Hawkbit was found in 1862 in the samples from five plots, in 1867 from 
eight, in 1872 from six, and in 1877 from six. It only exceeded 1 per cent, of the 
total produce on one of the unmanured plots, on which it gradually increased. h[ext 
to the unmanured, it was most prominent on plot 4-1 (superphosphate of lime alone), 
but it did not there reach to 1 per cent, of the total herbage. The other plots on 
which it occurred were those characterised by more or less exhaustion, and little or no 
luxuriant growth. 
Leontodon autumnalis is a Composite with perennial root-stock, branching at the top 
and bearing tufts of spreading, nearly glabrous, narrow, lobed leaves. The flower- 
heads are small and relatively few, and the pappus feathery. L. autumnalis was much 
less frequent in the samples than L. hispidus. It was found in only one sample in 
