ON THE MIXED HERBAGE OF PERMANENT MEADOW. 
1285 
rest extremely small amounts. It was most frequent on the unmanured plots ; but it 
gave the largest amount with nitrate of soda alone. From its creeping habit it might 
have been expected to take a more prominent position. 
Potentilla Fragariastrum was found in only one sample in 1867, one in 1872, and 
one in 1877, in each case from the unmanured plot. It is not a characteristic pasture 
plant. 
Alchemilla vulgaris did not come into any sample, was only observed on one of the 
unmanured plots (3), and there only in the fourth separation-year. Nevertheless, it is 
not uncommon in the adjoining pastures. 
Agrimonia Eupatoria occurred in the samples from two plots in 1862, four in 1867, 
five in 1872, and four in 1877, but it was observed on six in that year. Excepting 
twice in very small amount on one of the nitrate plots, it was only found on the 
unmanured plots, or on those supplied with a partial mineral manure; in every case 
in insignificant quantity. 
Poterium Sanguisorba was found in one sample in 1862, and in two in 1867, 1872, 
and 1877 respectively. The only plots on which it was thus found were one of the 
unmanured, and the adjacent one with superphosphate of lime alone. On the latter 
it rather diminished in amount, while on the unmanured plot it increased, but not to 
such an extent as to contribute in the last separation-year as much as 1 per cent, of 
the produce. 
Spircea Ulmaria occurred in the samples from one plot in 1862, two in 1867, three 
in 1872, and six in 1877. It has not occurred on either of the unmanured plots, and 
has maintained its position the best on plot 7 (with the mixed mineral manure 
including potass). It has not been found on any of the nitrate plots, or on either 
of those with the highest quantity of ammonia-salts; and on the others where it 
occurred it has declined to an insignificant amount. In no case has it reached -J- a 
per cent, of the produce, and it has been generally represented by less than OT 
per cent. 
RlJBIACEiE. 
With the exception of some species of Galium, the members of this Order are not 
characteristic of pastures. 
Galium verum occurred in five samples in 1862, but was observed on 14 plots; 
in eight samples in 1867, and was again observed on 14 plots; in 10 samples in 1872, 
and observed on 15 plots; and in 14 in 1877, but it was observed on 19 plots. It was 
present in very small quantity, or not at all, on the unmanured plots, scarcely at all on 
the plots with the purely mineral manure, but it was in larger amount, and sometimes 
increased, where ammonia-salts were used, either alone or with deficient mineral 
manuring. But where the ammonia-salts were combined with full mineral manuring 
it was practically banished. Its highest yield was 2‘4 per cent, with ammonia-salts 
alone in the third separation-year ; and it twice yielded more than 1 per cent, on the 
MDCCCLXXXII. 8 B 
