30fi 
KAMAKICHI KISHINOUYE : 
elongated and arranged as if radiating from the eye. In the Scombridæ these 
scales are especially large and unequal in size. 
The scales of the Scombridæ are longitudinally striated near the posterior 
margin, besides the striation parallel to the posterior margin. Scales of the 
Cybiidæ are mostly concentrically striated, and those of the Plecostei are 
mostly smooth at the surface and have a dentritic lumen inside. Very narrow 
scales, arranged longitudinally and very thickly together, are found on the 
second dorsal, caudal and sometimes on the external surface of the pectoral, 
contributing to strengthening these fins and at the same time to make their 
surface more smooth. 
Fins. 
The fins are generally well developed, stout, rigid, and are adapted for 
swift locomotion. Some one says that the fins of the male fish are larger 
than those of the female ; but I have no fact material to corroborate it. Like 
the development of other organs, fins are also best developed in the Plecostei. 
In the Scombridæ spines and rays in fins are feeble, slender, and fin-rays are 
transversely articulated as in most teleosteaus. In adult forms of the Cybiidæ 
and the Plecostei, fin-rays are longitudinally divided at the distal end, but not 
articulated transversely, except in the genus Grammatorcynus and in the 
ventrals. The ventral fins therefore seem to play a not very important part 
in swimming in these fishes. The spines consist of single consolidated rods ; 
but the rays are composed of two lateral halves. 
The first dorsal fin may be entirely folded into a groove. The other 
median fins may more or less be divaricated in the Teleostei ; but in the 
Plecostei they are nearly solid, and their form and dimension is little altered. 
The pectorals are rather high in position, pretty well developed, and 
when depressed each of them rests in a shallow depression, the dorsal margin 
of which generally coincides with the line, connecting the centre of the eye 
with the lateral median line of the caudal peduncle. 
When the pectorals are in motion, they are spread out horizontally and 
their fore margin lies in a straight line, perpendicular to the axis of the 
body. Thus when we look at Thunnus germo, swimming in the sea, spreading 
its extraordinary long pectorals, we conceive a dragon-fly in flight, hence our 
