350 
KAMAKICm KLSHINOUYE : 
in Grammatorcynus bilineatus, to the 6th in Cyliurn niphonium, to the 5th 
and 6th in Sarda orientalis, to the 5th in Gymnosarda nuda , to the 5th in 
Thrnnus germo, to the 5th and 6th in Thunnus orientalis and Neothunnus 
macropterus, and to the 6th in Parathunnus mebaclii and Auxis. 
In the Scombridae and Cjbiidae weak short slender tendons are developed 
from the root of each horizontal apophysis obliquely forward along the border 
of each myotome and are firmly attached to the ventral side of the distal end 
of the preceding apophysis and intersect with ligaments running along those 
processes. In the Plecostei these tendons are much better developed, being 
longer and more obliquely inclined, especially at the anterior and posterior ends 
of the body. These tendons are split into two sheets of fine fibres at the 
apex of the intermuscular bones, and the sheets run dorsalward along the axial 
sides of the superficial dark coloured muscle. These sheets are transformed to 
the myocommata. The lateral tendons are not found from the middle part of 
the lateral keel in the caudal portion. 
Dr. Nobio Ogata (5S) found that the alcoholic extract from the chiai 
portion of the muscle is valuable as an antigen in Wassekmann’s reaction for 
syphilis. In the Thunnidae the dorsal anterior end of the stomach is connected 
with the roof of the body-cavity by means of a short, slender, median muscle. 
In the teleostean fishes the quantity of flesh amounts to less than sixty 
percent of the total weight of the body, but in the Plecostei it is more than 
seventy percent, especially abundant in Thunnus germo, as in this species the 
dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity is convex. This abundance of flesh is due 
to the narrowness of the visceral cavity, or the great development of the 
liypaxial portion of muscle in the precaudal region. Mr. G. Yuasa of the 
Los Angeles Sea Pood Packing Co. told me that 1 ton of Thunnus germo 
produces 45 cases of canned meat, while from Neothunnus macropterus only 37 
cases are produced. 
LIGAMENTS AND TENDONS. 
As the so-called scombroid fishes are generally active swimmers, they are 
rich in ligaments and tendons, which are best developed and most complicated 
in the Plecostei. A well developed ligament generally present in teleostomatous 
fishes connects the shoulder-girdle with the axial skeleton. I shall distinguish 
