396 
KAMAKICHI KISHTNOUYE : 
part of oiïï empire was introduced to other places. Generally the reverse is 
true, i. e. implements or methods invented in the central or western parts have 
travelled to the northeast. 
Nearly all kinds of fishing apparatus are used for the capture of scombroid 
fishes, except casting nets and dredges. As many kinds of these fishes form 
large schools, the apparatus for their capture is generally large ; but its height 
is mostly under 60 m. 
As most scombroid fishes are swift swimmers, fishermen try to retard their 
progress by scattering tole baits. These fishes are enticed to the artificial 
baits in motion. The mackerel is attracted to light at night, Acanthocybium 
to the shade of moored bundles of bamboo-stems or branches of Paulownia 
imperiales. Fishing with drift-nets is popular, but not good in clear waters, 
where other kinds of nets are also not suitable. In such grounds hook and 
line are the best means for catching. 
Though the scombroid fishes are very widely distributed, their food is very 
plentiful, and their immature specimens are not molested by men, yet they 
become gradually scarce in old fishing grounds. Generally the scombroid fishes 
do not stay many days in the same place. It seems wise to change the fishing 
ground from time to time, not adhering to the same locality. Many unfortunate 
accidents occur in this hazardous occupation, as the fishing grounds are 
rough, lying general] y very far from the coast. Moreover the fishing apparatus 
is large, and the cost of the individual fish high, so fishermen try to haul in the 
whole apparatus even in case of sudden storms, and thus often fail to return 
to safety in good time. For the future development of the fishery of the 
scombroid fishes, it is desirable to build swift, sea-going boats, to discover good 
means of attracting these fishes, and to provide a suitable equipment for 
preserving these fishes, as they are much more perishable than other kinds. 
Fishermen detect the presence of these fishes by their leaping out of the water, 
by the movements of birds, the colour of the water, or peculiar waves or’ 
movements of the water at the surface of the sea. They use the troll line to 
detect the presence of these fishes in deep strata of water. 
Hook and Line. 
In the mackerel fishery there are five kinds of hook and line fishery—rod 
