404 
KA.MAKICHI KISH1NOUYE : 
the body are arranged in nearly horizontal rows, while those in the ventral 
half are arranged in oblique rows, more or less parallel to the ventral median 
line of the caudal region, i. e. ventral outline. 
Air-bladder large and fusiform, pointed at both ends. Pyloric coeca near 
the pylorus are longer and more numerous than those removed from it. The 
pyloric portion as well as the duodenum are ascending, the latter runs from left 
to right, occupying the most anterior border of the abdominal cavity. At the 
right corner of the cavity the duodenum passes to the small intestine, which 
runs backward, then bent forward, a little before the anus, and it is bent again 
backward. A little behind the second bend the small intestine ends and is fol¬ 
lowed by the rectum. 
About three small veins from the pyloric coeca form the portal veins ; two 
veins running upon the dorsal surface of the stomach do not form the hepatic 
portal veins, but pour directly to the ductus Cuvieri. 
A free spine before the anal is about one fourth the length of the first anal 
spine. Each dorsal or anal finlet is sometimes connected with the body by 
a membrane behind it. 
Dark brandling zigzag bands, about thirty in number, are found in the back. 
The number of these bands is nearly the same as that of the vertebrae and their 
course generally corresponds or coincides with the contour line between myo¬ 
tonies. Back bluish green, the colour becoming lighter towards the tail. Belly 
silvery white with irridescent lights. Eins greyish more or less washed with, 
yellow. The space between the posterior nostril and the eye is nearly colour¬ 
less and transparent. The dorsal fins and dorsal finlets, pectorals, and the caudal 
are greyish, and sometimes washed with yellow. The ventrals, anal, and anal 
finlets are colourless. 
Among our common mackerel we find two different types which fishermen 
distinguish under the names of “ hirasaba ” and marusaba ”, meaning res¬ 
pectively flat and round. In the internal structure we can hardly distinguish 
them ; but in some external characters and habitat they differ more or less. A 
comparison of fig. 28 with fig. 29 will give the reader a very good idea of these 
differences. However, as there are many intermediate forms between these two types 
of forms, I can not take them as different species. In the typical hirasaba we 
count 9 spines in the first dorsal, while there are 11-12 in the typical maru- 
