438 
KAMAKICHI KISHINOUYE: 
Tlie liver is nearly the same as that of the preceding species ; but the 
margin is not much divided. Eine venules of the hepatic vein at the external 
sm-face, and big masses of vascular plexus at the internal surface are found. 
Air-bladder is triangular, pointed at the posterior end. It is nearly 
straight, thick, and very wide at the anterior end, occupying the entire breadth 
of the abdominal cavity. Air-bladder of this species is however short, occupying 
a little more than half the length of the abdominal cavity. The external wall 
is uniformly thin. The inner wall is finely reticulated. At the middle of 
the roof of the air-bladder,, there is a large round hole, which leads to an 
accessory conical sac, extending from the hole behind to the posterior end of 
the principal sac. At the anterior end of tins upper accessory sac a vein is 
found to pour to from a segmentary vein. In immature tunnies the air-bladder is 
short, very narrow, and almost collapsed. The median part of the air-bladder 
is vaulted, and at the anterior end the cavity has two slight swellings. 
Kidneys are short, and are restricted to the anterior part of the 
abdominal cavity. In immature forms they are ring-shaped, round the pharyngeal 
muscles, and terminate with a slender, short process just before the first 
haemal process. In adult forms, however, the posterior portion is not well 
developed. Ureters meet at the posterior end of the kidneys, or a little out of 
it. Near the level of the 7th or 8th vertebra, ureters approach each other 
towards the median line, and unite into a common canal. 
Venule3 to the cutaneous vein are arranged in two rows, and those of 
the external side pass over the cutaneous artery, while those of the interior 
side run below the artery. These venules are formed from the union of 
many fine canals, forming the plexus round the dark red portion of the lateral 
muscle. Arterioles from the cutaneous artery are arranged in one row. 
Oesophageal artery is found but very short. 
Skull broad, with convex lateral sides, and the broad and high parasphenoid. 
Basisphenoid thick. Alisphenoid extends downward at the median line. The 
anterior margin of the subopercle is more or less concave. This is quite 
characteristic of this species. 
The back is nearly black, especially at the anterior part of the body, 
but the colour gradually changes to greyish blue with metallic reflections in 
the posterior part. Belly greyish with many colourless transverse lines and 
