12 
MEMOIRS OR THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
DIAMOND CAVE. 
The entrance is about five miles from Mammoth Cave Hotel. The chambers are smaller, but 
more beautiful aud damper than those of Mammoth Cave. The stalactites are still dripping and 
in course of development. A brook flows through it, containing (Jambarus pellucidus, Ccecidotcea 
stygia , and the eyeless transparent flat worm (D. perccecum). Though the darkness is total, there is 
more or less free communication with the upper world, as leaves were found on the floor, and three 
species of living normal snails, evidently belonging to out-of-door species of Helix; small earth¬ 
worms (Lumbricus) were frequent in muddy places, aud a species of Phora and a Dipterous larva 
(Sciara!) were obtained, with a single Staphylinid beetle. Near the steps into the cave and in 
almost total darkness I observed a hard-wood tree growing with living but bleached shoots six 
inches long. 
FAUNA OF DIAMOND CAYE. 
Dendroccelmn perccecum Pack. 
Cecidotasa stygia Pack. In the brook and pools. Common. 
(Jambarus pellucidus Tellkf. In the brook and pools. Common. 
Anthrobia mammouthia (Tellkf.). In the brook and pools. Frequent. 
Lepidocyrtus atropurpureus Pack. 
Degeerid cavernarum Pack. 
Campodea cookei Pack. 
Adelops hiring (Tellkf.). 
Anophlhalmus tellkampfii Erichs. 
Anophthalmus menetriesii Motsch. 
CAVES NEAR CAVE CITY. 
Several caves near Cave City, situated on the railroad 10 miles from Mammoth Cave, were 
explored by Mr. Sanborn. Of these caves the Grand Crystal is said by Hovey to be 3 miles long. 
Others were Hundred Dome Cave and Long Cave. Near Glasgow Junction are Walnut Hill 
Spring Cave and a cave under Gardner’s Knob. 
No new forms were discovered in these caverns, and the species found in them are mentioned in 
the descriptive or zoological part of this essay. 
WYANDOTTE CAVE. 
The following account and map of the'cave are taken from the facts stated by Mr. John Collett 
in the eighth, niuth, and tenth annual reports of the “Geological Survey of Indiana,” 1878; also 
from Hovey’s “ Celebrated American Caves 
This and adjoining caves are also, like the Mammoth Cave group, excavated from a table-land 
of subcarboniferous limestone, and are situated south of the southern limit of the drift. Wyandotte 
Cave is situated 5 miles northeast of Leavenworth, the county seat of Crawford county, Indiana, 
which is 50 miles below Louisville, Kentucky, and 126 miles south of Indianapolis. The avenues and 
rooms are estimated to be, in all, 23 miles in extent. The Cave House is “ situated on a com¬ 
manding eminence, 573 feet above tide-water, 270 above low water in the Ohio River, and 220 above 
Blue River.” Across the narrow valley of Blue River is Greenbrier Mountain, which is capped 
with Chester rocks, “ and in the background knobs are seen reaching from 200 to 250 feet higher 
than the hotel.” 
Section of Wyandotte Cave. 
Feet. 
Slope and loess. 
Buff sandstone, with fossil plants 
Gray limestone, with Archimedes, etc 
Brown limestone and shale. 
Gray limestone and shale. 
Lithographic bauds... 
White oolitic Saint Lonis limestone .. 
Gray, cherty, encrinital limestone.... 
Blue River . 
20 
75 
G 
40 
50 
84 
4 
220 
Total. 449 
The cave is drier, not so well watered, as Mammoth. The temperature of the cave is 54°. “A series of careful 
observations was made, showing that, while in a few localities the mercury rose to higher markings, the temperature 
