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MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 57 
NOTES ON SPIDERS FROM OAVES IN KENTUCKY, VIRGINIA, AND INDIANA. 
The following remarks and descriptions, by J. H, Emerton, are copied from the American 
Naturalist, vol. ix, May, 1875: 
The collection of cave spiders contained about one hundred specimens of eleven species. Two species were 
found only about the months of caves. These are Theridion vulgare Hentz, a spider found all over the country in 
shady places, and Meta menardi, which has been found in similar situations in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, 
and resembles .Epeirafusca Blackwall. One young spider allied to Tegenaria was taken in Fountain Cave, Virginia, 
and four specimens of a species of the same family were found in small caves in Carter county, Kentucky ; all were 
immature except one female, and none showed any subterranean characters. The remaining six species, all belong¬ 
ing to the Theridioidas, were found in considerable numbers in the larger caves, where there is little or no light and the 
climate is little affected by outside changes. One species of Linyphia from Weyer’s Cave, Virginia, has the eyes of 
the normal size and number, and the colors and markings of some specimens are as bright as on spiders of the same 
family living in cellars or shady woods. The other five species are all pale in color and show some unusual condition 
of the eyes, three species having the front middle pair very small, one having all the eyes small and colorless, with 
the front middle pair wanting in the males and some females, and one species being entirely without eyes. Follow¬ 
ing are descriptions of the last six species: 
_ Neslieuspallidus n. sp. (PI. XV, figs. 22 to 27).—Cephalothorax and legs pale orange-brown, abdomen yellowish-. 
white, with brown hairs. Length of female 3.5 mm . Cephalothorax 1.5“™ long and nearly as broad, little elevated in 
front; three lines of hairs from the eyes to the dorsal pit. Front middle eyes black and half as large as the others, 
nearly touching each other; rear middle eyes separated from each other by their diameter and from the front middle 
eyes by half that distance; lateral eyes in pairs, separated from the middle eyes by half their diameter. Mandibles 
half as long as the cephalothorax. Maxilla} and labium short and wide. Palpal claw long and slender, with six 
teeth along the middle. Le^s 1, 4, 2, 3 ; first pair, 10"™ ; second, 8.25"™; third, 8.15"'"'; fourth, 9.G"™; thinly cov¬ 
ered with long hairs and without spines. Tarsal claws long and slender, the lower with two teeth, the upper with 
nine or ten. Epigynum (Fig. 27); the sacs showing through the skin in some specimens. The only male taken had 
not finished molting and was much distorted by the alcohol. The palpus which had cast its skin is shown in Fig. 20; 
the penis is raised from its natural position, which is in a groove passing spirally round the end of the palpal organ 
to a fleshy conductor. A long process, with two teeth at the end, branches from the base of the tarsus. 
Fountain Cave, next to Weyer’s, Virginia, among stalactites where there was no daylight. Several loose cocoons 
were found, omTcontaining thirty or forty young just hatched (Packard). 
_ Nesticus carteri n. sp. (PL XV, fig. 28).—Cephalothorax and legs light yellow, hairs shorter than in N. pallidus. 
Abdomen in some specimens with indistinct gray markings. Eyes smaller and farther separated from each other than 
in N. pallidus. Epigynum (Fig.28). This species is otherwise much like JV. pallidus. BatjQave, Z wingle’s Cave, Carter 
county, Kentucky (Packard). A cocoon collected by Mr. Packard from Bradford Cave, Indiana, contains young 
which had passed their second molt, probably of this species. 
_ _ Linyphia sublerranea n. sp. (PI. XV, figs. 29 to 31). —Cephalothorax and legs yellowish-brown ; in some specimens 
reddish. Abdomen white, with brown hairs; in two specimens from Zwingle’s Cave gray, with white spots. Eyes 
eight (Fig. 30), white, surrounded by a dark border ; in one specimen colorless, without dark borders. Front middle 
eyes very small, and in the two dark specimens from Zwingle’s Cave obscured by dark markings on the head. 
Mandibles with seven teeth in front of the claw-grooves. Legs short 1, 4, 2, 3; spines on patella and tibia. Under 
claw of tarsus with two teeth, the upper claws with eight or nine; no-claw on palpi. Epigynum external, as long 
as the maxillse, extending backward along the under side of the abdomen (Figs. 29 to 31), or when the abdomen is 
distended projecting out from it at a right angle. 
Under stones in Carter and Wyandotte caves (Packard). 
V v , Linyphia weyeri (PL XV, figs. 7 to 12).- Cephalothorax and legs yellow-brown, abdomen from dark gray to white. 
Length of female 2.25 mn ‘. Cephalothorax wide and but little elevated in front in either sex. Front middle eyes near 
each other on a black spot, rear middle eyes separated by their diameter and by the same distance from the front 
middle eyes, lateral eyes in pairs, each pair surrounded by a black area and distant twice its width from the middle 
eyes. Mandibles long, spreading apart at the tips, and inclined backward toward the maxillae, beyond the ends of 
which they extend a third of their length in the female and farther in the male; five long teeth in front of the claw- 
groove. No palpal claw. Legs 1, 4, 2, 3; first pair 4"™ long in female and 4.4""" in male, with two spines on 
femur, one on patella, and two on tibia. Under claw of tarsus with one tooth, upper claws with uine or ten teeth. 
Epigynum with an oval opening behind twice as wide as long, in front of which is a short flexible appendage (Fig. 
11). Palpus of male, Figs. 9 and 10. The tarsal process is a small hook on the upper side; the penis is long, and passes 
one and a half times around the palpal organ, supported through nearly its whole length by a wide thin conductor 
ending in a hard tooth. Under the end of the penis is a soft brush-like appendage, and beside it two hard processes. 
Weyer’s Cave, Virginia, in darkness, but not far from the entrance (Packard). 
4 — Linyphia ineerta n. sp. (PL XV, figs. 13 to 21).—Length 2"™. Cephalothorax and legs orange-brown, abdomen 
white, with short, fine, brown hairs. Cephalothorax l" 1 " 1 long and two-thirds as wide; in the male elevated in front 
(Fig. 20) and furnished with longer hairs than in the female. Eyes small and colorless, and separated far from each 
other (Figs. 18 and 21); the front middle pair are very small, hardly larger than the circles around the bases of the 
hair by which they are surrounded, and only distinguished from them by wanting the dark rim which surrounds 
the hair circles In five females from Fountain Cave all the eyes are present (Fig. 18); in one female one of the front 
middle eyes is wanting. In three males from the same cave both front middle eyes are wanting, as in Fig. 21; in 
