MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
61 
dites, composed of the usual lamina externa and lamina interna, which are variously spined and denticulated at their 
extremities, one supplementary spine being minutely and densely spinulated. 
The genus was characterized by Cope thus: “Annuli with two pores on each side the median line. As already 
remarked, the so-called pores appear to he simply the lateral tubercles, giving rise posteriorly to minute set®, which 
are difficult to detect with a half-inch objective. 
The genus differs from Lysiopetalum in the slenderer, longer antennas, the rudimentary eyes, the more swollen 
and prominent lateral bosses or shoulders of the segments, while the body has about half as many segments as in 
Lysiopetalum, and is much shorter and more fusiform. The generic characters are very marked, though the species 
is clearly enough derived from the common out-of-door Lysiopetalum lactarium. 
Pseudotremia cavernarum Cope. Plate YI, tigs. 1, la-lu ; 2, 2a-2c. 
Pseudotremia cavernarum Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., xi, No. 82, 179, 1869. 
Pseudotremia cavernarum Cope, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., iii, 07, May, 1870. 
Pseudotremia cavernarum Packard, Amer: Naturalist, v, 749, December, 1871. 
Spirostreplion cavernarum Cope, Amer. Naturalist, vi, 414, July, 1872. 
Spirostrephon (Pseudotremia) cavernarum Harger, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, iv, 118, 119, August, 1872. 
Pseudotremia cavernarum Ryder, Proc. II. S. Nat. Mus., iii, 526, February 16, 1881. 
Eyes black, conspicuous, forming a somewhat irregular, narrow triangular patch, with from twelve to fifteen 
facets. Antenna unusually long and slender, the joints pilose; joints 3 and 5 of the same length, or 3 a little longer; 
joints 2 and 6 of equal length; joint 7 elongate, pear-shaped, pilose, the extremity truncated, with two or three 
sense-set® not so long as the end ot the joint is thick. 
The first scutum next to the head is scutellate in shape, rounded on the front edge, somewhat produced anteriorly 
in the middle; the margin behind slightly sinuous; it is about two-thirds as long as broad. The second scutum is a 
little wider than the first, the third somewhat wider, while the fourth is much wider; dorsal face of first scutum 
smooth; the posterior part of the second scutum a little swollen; that of the third more so; that of fourth scutum 
swollen and ridged much as in fifth and succeeding scuta. Scuta 5 to 20 are swollen high up on the sides into a 
shoulder, giving a quadrilateral instead of a circular outline to the segment, bulging out more subdorsally than 
below; the swelling has six longitudinal ridges, while the posterior swollen end of the scuta above, especially on the 
posterior half of the body, is coarsely tuberculated, the tubercles being rounded rather than flat and unequal in 
size. No well-marked setiferous tubercles on the side from the middle of the body to the head ; but on the last six 
segments there are on each shoulder or scutal swelling two minute rudimentary swellings or tubercles; hut in my 
specimens I can see no set® except on the two terminal segments of the body in male and female, where, on the end 
of the last scuta, there is a seta arising from’ a basal movable joint; there are three pairs on the lateral anal plates 
(thirtieth segment). Length, 18 mm ; thickness of the body, 1.5 mm . 
The young when about half grown are white, the back of the antenn® and anterior segments having a very 
slio'ht dusky tinge. In numerous mature specimens from the Senate Chamber, Wyandotte Cave, 3 miles in, the body 
is white, with a slight flesh-colored tint. In numerous (150) specimens from this locality the head and dorsal side 
of the anterior segments are slightly dusky; the antenn® are also usually slightly dusky, except the two terminal 
joints, which are white. 
There is thus seen to be a slight amount of variation in color in specimens collected at the same date in the 
same chamber in Wyandotte Cave. 
Among the 150 specimens taken at one time and place from Wyandotte Cave (Senate Chamber) and individually 
examined 1°could see none without black eyes, the pigment being well developed. There was a fair proportion of 
males. . 
Four specimens which I collected in Little Wyandotte Cave were of exactly the same size as those from Great 
Wyandotte Cave; they were white-tinged, dusky on the head and forepart of the body, the eyes are black, and the 
eye-patch of the same size and shape, while the antenn® are the same. _ , 
Six specimens from Bradford Cave, Indiana (which is a small grotto formed by a vertical fissure in the rock, and 
only 300 to 400 yards deep), showed more variation than those from the two Wyandotte caves. They are of the same 
size and form, but slightly longer and a little slenderer, especially joints 3 and 5; joint 7 is decidedly longer than in 
any others ; whiter, more bleached. The antenn® are much whiter than in those from the Wyandotte caves, and the 
head and body are paler, more bleached out, than in most of the Wyandotte specimens. The eyes vary more than in 
the Wyandotte examples, one baviug. but twelve facets, another fourteen, and another fifteen, with a few minute 
rudimentary facets between the others. It thus appears that the body is most bleached and the eyes the most rudi¬ 
mentary in the Bradford Cave, the smallest and most accessible, and in which, consequently, there is the most varia¬ 
tion in surroundings, temperature, access of light, and changed condition of the air. Under such circumstances as 
these we should naturally,expect the most variation. 
Professor Cope’s types were first found by him in Erhart’s Cave, Montgomery county, and Spencer Run and Big 
Stony Creek caves, in Giles county, Virginia; also in Lost Creek Cave, on the Holston River, in Grainger county, 
Tennessee, and in other limestone caves of the valley of the Tennessee. Professor Cope afterwards (Amer. Natural¬ 
ist, vi, 14) discovered this species in Wyandotte Cave, remarking: “The species is quite distinct from that of the 
Mammoth Cave, and is the one I described some years ago from caves in Virginia and Tennessee.” 
