MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
81 
are sometimes confluent; the finer pubescence on very minute dark spots, an often faint brown stripe in the middle 
and a still less distinct one on each side; humeral callosities reddish, the flat seutellum likewise. Pleurae pale brown¬ 
ish-gray, darker below. Abdomen grayish-pollinose, the ground color being blackish; male hypopygium yellow, 
with delicate black pile; tip of the female abdomen also yellowish; hind margins of segments pale. Halteres 
whitish. Wings with a brownish-yellow tinge; bristles on the costa 
of moderate length; posterior cross-vein rather near the tip of the fifth 
vein, the last section of that vein being less than half of the cross¬ 
vein. Legs reddish-brown or brown ; knees and base of middle femora 
paler. 
-— Habitat. —Hundred Dome Cave, near Glasgow, Kentucky (F. G. 
Sanborn); a male and two females. The specimens, having been kept 
in alcohol, were very much injured. The species is related to B. cine¬ 
raria Lw. (syn. armipes Lw.), but is easily distinguished by the ab¬ 
sence of the peculiar armature on the hind femora of the male, the 
much darker legs, larger size, etc. The anterior frontal bristles of B. 
cineraria are much shorter, but the pair above them much larger than 
in B. defessa. In one of my specimens (the male), the tibi® are some¬ 
what yellowish in the middle; the frontal bristles were observed on 
the female, as they had disappeared from the male specimen. 
Blepharopter® are often found in caves, where they are said to 
breed in the excrement of bats. This species also occurred in Mammoth 
Cave, Wyandotte Cave (Packard), and numerous smaller caves, i. e., Zwingle’s Cave (one of the Carter caves), 
September 17, 20 rods from the entrance; Gray Town Cave, Curtin caves, Little Lithographic Cave, near Glasgow 
Junction; Hundred Dome Cave (Sanborn). 
Phora (2, 12, 13) larvae in decaying vegetable matter; some parasitical in other insects. 
In order to give completeness to this paper I append Mr. Hubbard’s description of the larva 
of the Phora, which I did not meet with : 
Phora sp.—(Fig. 19: a, larva, enlarged ten times, profile; b, front view of head and thorax; c, anal proleg, 
from above; a and 6 much enlarged.) The larva of the smaller cave fly is cylindrical, narrowed in front, more sud¬ 
denly narrowed behind. Head small, rounded, convex, deeply inserted in the thorax; above on each side an acute, 
three-jointed tubercle; in front a second pair of very minute tubercles, sep¬ 
arated by a sutural line, which branches below them; space between the 
branches of the Y-suture excised, inclosing the buccal opening, which ap¬ 
pears as a dark transverse slit. Three thoracic segments smaller than the 
abdominal segments, retractile, bearing at or near the anterior border a 
row of acute tubercles or spines; the prothoracic with a pair of tubular 
spines arising from depressions at the middle of each side. Abdomen of 
nine segments, each with three folds on the dorsal surface, the posterior 
fold bearing a row of spines similar to those on the thorax; sides wrinkled, 
with tubercular prominences between the segments, and one or two spines 
anterior to those of the dorsal row; ventral surface, each segment with three 
transverse ridges, one median, slightly in advance of the two lateral ridges; 
two last segments smaller, the terminal with an anal projection consisting 
of two large retractile tubercles, directed upwards and bearing spiracles, 
surrounded by six radiating spiny processes. Color, dull white, darker at the extremities. Length, when moderately 
distended, 5 mm = .21 inch. Several specimens in alcohol. 
The larva of the European Phora dauci, observed by Bouchd in rotten radishes, is figured without detail by 
Westwood (Int. to Classification, ii, Fig. 132, 12); that of P. incrassata, found in bee-hives, is repro¬ 
duced in Packard’s Guide. Both agree with this larva, as far as the figures and descriptions go. 
The pupa is visible through the skin of the larva, which becomes an indurated puparium, light 
red in color, oval, pointed at the ends, smooth and convex beneath, more depressed on the dorsal 
surface, which is margined, with the segments indicated by ridges. The extremities of the pupa¬ 
rium show the parts of the larva unchanged. Length, 3.6 mm = .14 inch. 
All the stages were found on offal in Washington Hall, Mammoth Cave, August 21. Imagos 
Fig. 20. Phora. appeared from pup® taken to Detroit, Michigan, a week later. 
8. Mis. 30, pt. 2-6 
Fig. 19.— a, larva of Phora; 6, front of head and 
thorax; c, end of abdomen, all much magnified 
(after Hubbard). 
