118 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
1059. Riley, C. V.—Continued. 
The periodical Cicada, Tihicen septendecim ... 18 
Its singular life history, 18—Seventeen and thirteen year races, 
19—The two races not distinct species, 19—Two distinct forms 
occurring in both broods, 20—Season of their appearance and 
disappearance, 22—Natural history and transformations, 22— 
Elevated chambers of the pupa, 22—The larvae frequently occur¬ 
ring at great depth in the ground, 24—The operation of emerging 
from the pupa, 24—Only the males are capable of singing, 24— 
Trees in which the females deposit their eggs, 24—Mode of ovi- 
position, 24—The newly hatched larva, 25—The W on the wings 
of the Cicada, 25—Enemies, 26—Fungus infesting the imago, 
26—The sting of the Cicada, 26—Wide-spread fear of the insect 
on account of its supposed stinging powers, 26—Explanations of 
the sting, 27—Injury caused by the insect, 29—by the larva, 29— 
by the imago, 29—Fruitless attempts to stop the injury, 30—Chro¬ 
nological table of all well-ascertained broods in the United States, 
30—The insect will appear during the next 17 years somewhere 
in the United States every year except in 1873, 41—Number of 
broods that will appear in the next 17 years in the ditferent 
States, 42. 
* 
Apple-tree borers . 42 
The round-headed apple-tree borer, Saperda Candida . 42 
It is more numerous in trees on high land than on low ground, 
42—Extent of its injury, 43—Its larva, 43—Appearance of the 
imago, 43—The hole made by the young larva, 44—It remains 
nearly three years in the larva state, 44—Its pupa state, 44— 
Remedies, 45—Alkaline washes, 45—Killing the larva by hot 
water, 45—Cutting out the larva, 46. 
The flat-headed apple-tree borer, Chrysobothris femorata . 46 
Differences between it and the foregoing species, 46—Habits of the 
beetle, 47—Amount of injury caused by it, 47—Parasite attacking 
it, 47—Remedies, 47. 
The peach borer, Sannina exitiosa . 47 
Its nature, 47—Differences in the sexes, 48—Remedies, 48—The 
mounding system the best remedy, 48—Testimony as to the 
value of the mounding system, 48—Other remedies, 49. 
The plum Curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar . 50 
Difference of opinion among authors on some points in its natural 
history, 50—Reasons for this difference of opinion, 51—Facts in 
its natural history, 52—It causes the spread of the peach-rot, 52— 
Fruit trees attacked and those not attacked by it, 53—It may 
hibernate as larva or pupa, but does generally as imago, 53— 
Mode of egg-laying, 54—It has one annual brood, 55—Walsh’s • 
experiments to show that it is two-brooded, 55—Natural reme¬ 
dies, 56—No parasites known to infest it, 56—Enemies, 57; The 
Pennsylvania soldier-beetle and its larva, 57; Lacewing-larva, 
57; The subangular ground-beetle, 58; Ground-beetle larva, 
probably of the Pennsylvania ground-beetle, 59—Hogs as Cur¬ 
culio destroyers, 59—Artificial remedies, 60—Jarring the trees 
the most effectual method, 60—Dr. Hull’s Curculio catcher, 60— 
Lessons for the fruit-grower from the account of the Curculio, 62. 
* 
