BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
317 
2267. [Riley, C. V., et al.] —Continued. 
Chapter III — Continued. 
ones, 23—Characteristics of the permanent region, 24—Settlement 
and other checks against locusts, 25—Distribution of the perma¬ 
nent regions, 25—Their physical peculiarities, 28 — The arid re¬ 
gion, 29—Permanent breeding grounds, 29—Their locations and 
relations, 30—The sources of locusts, 30—Interchange of swarms, 
31—Regular migratory routes, 31 — Agencies'controlling migra¬ 
tion, 32—Disadvantages of the temporary regions, 33—Period of 
hatching, 34—Period of growth, 35—Habits of the young, 36— 
Habits at maturity, 36—Causes of occasional over-increase, 37— 
Checks, enemies, 38—The efforts of experts baffled, 42—Tree 
culture, 42 —Climatic checks, 43— Tree planting, 43—Flights 
affected by storms, 45—Number of annual broods, 46 — Sub-per¬ 
manent region, 46 — Its relations, 47—Locust movements therein, 
48—How to fight this insect, 49—Locust probabilities, 49—Re¬ 
cent swarms, 50. 
Chapter IV: 
Notes on other locusts and on the Western cricket, Anabrus. By 
Lawrence Bruner. 53 
Other locusts, 53—List of North American locusts north of Mexico, 
55—The Western cricket, 61. 
Chapter Y: 
Data obtained from solar physics and earthquake commotions ap¬ 
plied to elucidate locust multiplication and migration, by A. H. 
Swinton. 65 
Importance of the central luminary, wide effects of variation in its 
potential energy, 65 — On the tides, on chemical and organic ac¬ 
tivities, on the physical forces, on epidemics, etc., 65, 66— Periods 
of sun-spots, electrical effects of, 66 — Thermometric effects of, 
67—Volcanic effects of, 68— Entomological effects of, 68 — A new 
sun-spot table, 69—Statement and tabulation of suu-epot dates, 
69—Comparison of sun-spot periods and insect periods, 73— 
American locusts diminished by the spots, 73 — European confirm¬ 
ative examples of locusts and other insects, 74 — Tabulation of 
rare insect captures, 79—Explained, 81 — Migration and distribu¬ 
tion affected, 81 — Locusts again predicted in four or ten years, 
83—Conclusions, 84. 
Part II.— The army-worm, canker-worms, and the hessian fly. 
Chapter VI: By C. V. Riley. 
The army-worm, Leucania unipuneta. By C. V. Riley. 89 
Nomenclature, 89—Other army-worms, falsely so called, 89— Geo¬ 
graphical distribution, 91—Injuries by, 92—Past history of, 92— 
Descriptive characters of, 101 — The egg, 101 — The larva, 102— 
The pupa, 103—Adults and sexual differences, 103—Habits and 
natural history, 105—Oviposition, 105—Habits when young, 108— 
Duration of larval life, 109—Traveling habits, etc., 110 — Time of 
appearance, 112 — Sudden appearance aud disappearance, 114— 
Food-plants, 116—The pupa state, 117—Habits of the moth, 117— 
Flight, 118—Position at rest, 118 — Number of broods yearly, 118— 
Hibernation, 122 — Natural enemies, 125—Remedies, 128 — Burning- 
old grass, etc., 128—Predictions, meteorological influences on the 
species, 129—Ditching, coal-tar, poisoning, 130 — Rolling, fencing, 
roping, 131 — Report of observations by L. O. Howard, 132—Ex- 
