BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
363 
2394. Riley, C. V.— Continued- 
Table of Contents —Continued. 
and caustic potash, 459—Remedy for the California red-scale 
( Aspidiotm aurantii), 460—Experiments made by Mr. Coquillett 
and Mr. Koebele, 460—Emulsifying oil, 460—Southern buffalo 
gnats, 461—Results of investigations made on the Southern 
buffalo gnat and the turkey gnat, 461—Common fall web-worm 
(Hyphantriacunea), 461—Imported elm-leaf beetle, 461—Spray¬ 
ing appliances, 461—Alternation of generation with the joint- 
worms, 462—Injurious insects of the year, 462—Hop Aphis (Pho- 
rodon hamuli), 462—Serrell automatic reel for silk, 462—Api- 
cultural station at Aurora, Ill., 462—Work of the Division of 
economic ornithology, 462—International exhibition of ma¬ 
chinery and contrivances for applied remedies against fungi 
and insects at Florence,464—Publications of the Division during 
the year, 464—Proposed publications, 464—Work of field agents, 
465—Office force, 465. 
Miscellaneous insect i. 466 
The cottony cushion-scale, Icerya purchasi . 466 
Introductory, 466—Geographical distribution, 466—In Australia, 
466—In Cape Colony, 467—In New Zealand, 467—Importation 
of the species into California, 468—Its spread and present limi¬ 
tation in California, 469—Food-plants, 471—Original food-plant 
of Icerya purchasi, 471—Its food-plants in South Africa, 471— 
Its food-plants in New Zealand, 472—Its food-plants in Cali¬ 
fornia, 472—Characters and life-history, 474—The egg, 475— 
The female larva, first stage, 475—Female larva, second stage, 
476—Female larva, third stage, 476—The adult female, fourth 
stage, 477—The egg-sac, 478—The male larva, probable sec¬ 
ond stage, 478—Male larva, third stage, 479—The male pupa 
and cocoon, 479—The adult male, 480—Rate of growth of the 
different stages, 481—Habits, 481—Exudation of the honey- 
dew, 482—Mode of spread and distribution, 483—Natural ene¬ 
mies, 484—Birds, 484—Predaceous insects, 484—Parasites, 487 — 
Remedies and preventive measures, 488—Importation of para¬ 
sites, 488—Preventive action, 489—Spraying with insecticides, 
489—Fumigating, 491—Bandages around the trunk, 491—Con¬ 
clusion, 491. 
Buffalo gnats.... 492 
The Southern buffalo gnat, Simulium pecuarum . 493 
Geographical distribution, 493—Early history, 493—Time of ap- 
pearancB, 494—Duration of an invasion, 494—Character of a 
swarm, 495—Mode of attack, 496—Animals injured, 497—Effect 
of the bites, 497—How animals protect themselves, 498—Pre¬ 
ventives, 499—Remedies for the bites, 501—Attackingman, 501— 
Damage done in various years, 501—Popular opinions about the 
early states of the buffalo gnats, 502—Habits and natural his¬ 
tory, 503—The egg, 503—The larva, 505—Habits of the larvrn, 
505—Food of the larvra, 507—Pupa and cocoon, 508—The imago, 
509—Number of broods, 509—Enemies of the buffalo gnat, 510— 
Descriptive, 511— Simulium pecuarum n. sp., 512— Simulium me- 
ridionale n. sp., 513—Remedies tried and proposed against the 
larvae, 514—Overflows and buffalo gnats, 515. 
