368 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
2416. Riley, 0. Y. The buffalo-gnat problem in the lower Mississippi 
Yalley. Abstract: <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1887, 
[May], 1888, v. 36, p. 362. 
Result of late investigations on species of Simulium. 
2417. Riley, 0. Y. Systematic relations of Platypsyllus, as determined 
by the larva. <Sci. Amer. Suppl., 2 June, 1888, v. 25, pp. 10350- 
10358, 4 figs. 
Review of tlie literature concerning tlie systematic position of Platyjisi/llus 
c astoris; additional facts confirming G. H. Horn’s view of the coleopterous 
nature of tlie insect. 
2418. Riley, C. Y. Report of the entomologist. <Ann. Rept. [U. S.] 
Commissioner Agric. for 1887,1888, pp. 48-179, 8 pi. Separate: 
<Washington: June, 1888, pp. 48-179+6, 8 pi. 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
Introduction. 48 
Damage by tlie chinch-bug, 48—Codling-moth, 48—Hop Aphis, 
48— Work of Division in regard to silk-cultnre in the past year, 
49— Recent experiments on the fluted or cottony cushion-scale 
of California, 49— Hydrocyanic acid gas and arseniuretted hydro¬ 
gen, 49—Possible introduction into California of the parasites of 
Icerya from Australia, 50 —Recent experiments on other scale- 
insects, 50—Professor Osborn’s report on the more important in¬ 
sects of the season in Iowa, on the chinch-bug, on hop insects in 
Wisconsin, 50— Mr. Bruner’s report, 50—Mr. Webster’s report on 
the southern buffalo-gnat, 50—The year as a whole one of com¬ 
parative immunity, 50 — Apiculture, 50. 
The chinch-bug, Blissus leucopterus. By L. O. Howard. 51 
Introductory, 51—Past history, 51—Earliest appearance, 52—First 
described by Say, 52—Called “ Mormon louse ” in Illinois in 1840, 
52—First recorded appearance in Missouri, Iowa, Indiana, and 
Wisconsin, 52—Its damage in the years 1864 and 1868, 52—Esti¬ 
mates of loss in 1871, 52— Great injury in 1874 in Missouri and ad¬ 
joining States, 52—First injurious appearance in New York in 
1882, 53—Damage in succeeding years, 53—Geographical distri¬ 
bution, 53—Indigenous east of the Rocky Mountains, north and 
south, 53 — States in which it does the greatest damage, 53—In 
Cuba, 54—West of the Rocky Mountains, 54—Specimens from 
California and Mexico, 55—Injury during 1887, 55—Review of 
localities and damage this season by the statistician of the De¬ 
partment, 55—Table showing losses in States most damaged, 56— 
Summary of counties in these States, 57—Food-plants, 57—Cul¬ 
tivated grains and cultivated and wild grasses, 57—Rice, 58—Poly¬ 
gonum, 58—Stages of growth—Descriptive, 59—Egg, 59—Larval 
stages, 59 — Pupa, 59—Imago, 59—Original description, 59—Le 
Baron’s description, 59—Fitch’s varieties, 60—Riley’s variety 
melanosus, 60—A new variety, 60— Number of broods and hiber¬ 
nation, 60—First accurate statement, 60—Hibernation, 60—Influ¬ 
ence of severe cold, 61—Odor reveals hiding places, 62—Habits, 
62—Flight, 62—Ovi position, 62—Young larvae, 63—Growth, 63— 
Migration, 63—Habits on corn, 64—Preparations for hibernation, 
64 —Erroneous statement as to oviposition, 65—Exceptional 
habits, 65 — Natural enemies and diseases, 65—Insect enemies, 65— 
No true internal insect parasite yet known, 65—A possible hair- 
