28 
introduction. 
"13. Parasites, Inter¬ 
nal of Vertebrates. 
14. Parasites, Exter- 
16. Predators, Sting¬ 
ing. 
I.—LAND INSECTS ^ 
17. Predators, Biting 
and Sucking. 
—contd. 
'18. Scavengers, Animal 
Matter. 
19. Scavengers, Dead 
C. Scavengers. Wood. 
20. Scavengers, Vege¬ 
table Matter. 
21. Household Insects. 
II.—SALT WATER INSECTS. 
III. —FRESH WATER INSECTS. 
IV. —MYRMECOPHILOUS INSECTS. 
1. Fruit Insects. —The Trypetidce are conspicuous, as are such 
Tortricids as the Codlin Moth (Carpocapsa) and Tineidce. Noctuids 
and Curculionids are found. In all cases it is the larvae that live thus ; 
Tenthredinidce are rarely known. Some large moths ( Ophideres ) live 
on fruit juice. We exclude all “ Scavengers ” in decaying fruits, of 
course, referring only to fruits on plants. 
2. Seed Eating Insects. —Many insects feed habitually on seeds 
while ripening ; Bruchidce, Scolytidce, Tortricidce, Tineidce, Pterophoridoe 
(. Exelastis , SpJienarches), Noctuidce (Chloridea, Earias), Pyralidce being 
typical examples ; the Lycaenid ( Virachola isocrates) is an exceptional 
case. We omit all insects living on harvested seeds, classing them as 
Scavengers or household insects. 
3. Flower Insects. — Forficulidce eat pollen, Masaridce and 
Apidce collect pollen. Fossores collect pollen, or feed on nectar. Pkala- 
cridce (larvae), Nitidulidce (larvae and adults), Melyridce (adults), Lam - 
pyridce (adults), Mordellidce (adults), Curculionidce (adults), Melolon- 
thidce (adults), Cantharidce (adults) feed on pollen or flowers. Most 
moths and butterflies and many flies, especially Anthomyiidce, Syrphidce 
and Bombyliidce, feed on nectar. Tineidce, Pterophoridee, Cecidomyiidce , 
Thysanoptera , Tingidce also live in flowers, as larvae or nymphs. 
