ORTHOPTERA. 
The antennae filiform or setaceous, of variable length. The mouthparts 
mandibulate, of the herbivorous type. The first pair of wings (tegmina) 
thickened, coloured or ornamented, narrow with nearly parallel sides. 
The second pair of wings large, membranous, with many fine nervures, 
hyaline and often coloured, folded below the first pair in repose. The 
forelegs formed for running or for capturing prey. The hind legs formed 
for running or leaping, in the latter case long and powerful Cerci are 
usually present. There is no perfect metamorphosis, the young differing 
from the adult chiefly in size, colour and the absence of functional wings 
and reproductive organs. A small proportion never become winged. 
The imaginal life is often longer than the nymphal life and occupies 
the greater part of active life. The order includes moderate to large 
sized insects, the majority scavengers or herbivores, a part predaceous 
on other insects. None are aquatic, social, or parasitic in living plants 
or insects. 
The order is divided into seven clearly defined families, four of which 
form one series in which the hind legs are normal, three of which form 
a second series in which the hind legs are long and formed for leaping. 
Forficulidce. Abdomen terminates in forceps. Teg¬ 
mina shortened. (Plate 1, fig. 1). 
Flattened, head deflexed, coxa? large. 
(Plate 1, fig. 2). 
Forelegs raptorial. Prothorax long. 
(Plate 1, fig. 3). 
Mesothorax long. (Plate 1, fig. 4). 
Antennae short. Auditory organ on ab¬ 
domen. (Plate 1, fig. 5). 
Antennae long. Auditory organ on fore¬ 
tibia. Tarsi four-jointed. (Plate l,fig. 6). 
Antennae long.* Auditory organ on 
fore-tibia. Tarsi three-jointed. Teg¬ 
mina angled. (Plate 1, fig. 7). 
Hind legs 
normal. 
Hind legs 
FORMED 
FOR LEAPING. 
Blattidce. 
Mantidce. 
k . Phasmidce . 
Acridiidce. 
Locustidce. 
Gryllidce. 
Except Tridactylince recognisable by the absence of hind tarsi and Gryllotalpa, 
