62 
ORTHOPTERA. 
among the debris that accumulates at the foot of the trunk of a large 
tree. The smaller ones are found also in thick (doab) grass in the hot 
weather. Syrup or fruit juice smeared on the bark of trees is a good 
bait but unless this is alcoholised, it must be examined soon after dark; 
if strongly alcoholised the insects get drunk and may be found at any 
time in the night till dawn. A few species are attracted by light. When 
caught and killed, they should be pinned through the right tegmen near 
the base, the legs and antennae set. Rearing is slow and difficult; the 
right conditions of moisture and food must be given with plenty of 
shelter and space. 
COSMOPOLITAN INSECTS. 
A considerable number of insects have been carried by man from 
one country to another and have succeeded in establishing themselves 
not in one country only but in a large number of countries ; the spread 
of these insects is continuing and they will in time be world wide. 
These species are to a large extent those which can live in houses, or 
which infest grain and other merchandise, or which have been carried 
on living animals and plants. Naturally the household and grain 
insects predominate, since commerce is carried on between large cities 
in which these insects thrive, whereas those infesting plants have not the 
same chance of surviving in all cases. Many of our common house¬ 
hold insects are cosmopolitan ; the common silver fish of houses is 
now widespread and will become more so ; the Cockroaches, Stylopyga 
orientalis , Periplaneta americana and P. australasice, Rhyparobia 
maderce and Leucophcea surinamensis, are common in India as else¬ 
where ; with them have gone their parasite Evania appendigaster , now 
a common insect and met with on board ship. It is probable that our 
household Psocids are also the same as the European though we are 
not aware that this has yet been substantiated. Ants, ( e.g ., Monomo- 
rium) as is well known, constantly come with shipments of goods and 
establish themselves successfully in new cities. 
A host of beetles are cosmopolites. Hamilton gives a list of 100 
beetles which he styles cosmopolite or nearly so ; this refers more 
especially to Europe and North America and indicates how large a 
number of insects have been carried by commerce and have succeeded 
in establishing themselves in new countries. Only a small number 
of these appear to originate in the East. 
The following are Cosmopolitan beetles apparently found in India, 
gome possibly originating there (indicated by*). 
