86 
ORTHOPTERA. 
in grass lands. C. indicus, Bob, C. humeralis , Thunb. and C. axillaris , 
Thunb. are the species of general occurrence. Cyrtacanthacris ranacea , 
Stoll. (Acridium aeruginosum, Burm.) is the very common large grass¬ 
hopper found in the fields especially on cotton. There is no record of 
its migrating. It breeds apparently at all times, the eggs as usual in the 
ground, the nymphs being green, a pinkish line developing on the pos¬ 
terior edge of the pronotum as development proceeds. In the insectary 
eggs were laid in November, hatched in January, and, after six moults 
the nymphs became full grown in May, the total nymphal life being 113 
to 138 days. They were fed wholly on cotton. Males are smaller than 
females. The adult is distinctly more markedly black and white in 
colouring than any common Indian Acridium (Plate VI). Schistocerca 
(Acridium) peregrinum , 01. is the North-West or Migratory Locust of 
greatest notoriety (Plate V). It occurs now over North India, Afghanis¬ 
tan, Arabia, Persia, Northern Africa and Cyprus ; it has been found far 
out in the Atlantic Ocean and is believed to have actually originated in 
South America and spread thence to Africa; it is known to have spread 
so far West as England and constantly reaches the Assam valley and the 
most Eastern Hills of Northern India. It has been much discussed and 
written about, but we are not aware of any one really good account of 
its life history, depredations and movements. In India it is destructive 
only in the dry areas of the Punjab, since only in these does it breed; the 
swarms of adults can be frightened away, but it is the hoppers (Plate IV) 
which are really destructive. The student should see the article on 
4 4 Locusts in India” in the Agricultural Journal of India, Vol. II, p. 238, 
and consult the voluminous literature on the subject. Acridium sue - 
cinctum, Linn. (Plates 11 and III) has been the subject of investigation 
recently and while we require to know more of its enemies, its move¬ 
ments and life history are well known (Mem. Agric. Dept. India, Ent. 
I, “The Bombay Locust”). The most interesting point is the very 
curious colour changes which are more complex than in the Migratory 
Locust. The following extract is interesting as it almost certainly 
refers to this species :— 
“ A friend of Mr. Kirby informed him, that at Poona an immense 
cloud of locusts ravaged all the Mahratta territory, and was thought to 
have come from Arabia. This, indeed, was a most astonishing swarm, 
