NEUROPTERA. 
109 
A Metamorphosis. 
Sialidce. Sialince. —Antennae long, wings 
not reticulate. No cerci. 
Raphidiince. —Prothorax long. 
Panorpidce. —Head rostrate. 
Hemerobiidce. —Antennae long, wings equal. 
much reticulate, no cerci. Tarsi 
5-jointed. 
Myrmeleonince. —Antennae knobbed, 
short. 
Ascalaphince. —Antennae knobbed, 
long. 
N emopterince. —Hindwings long and 
very narrow. 
Mantispince. —F orelegs as in 
Mantidae. 
Hemerobiince.— Antennae monili- 
form. 
Chrysopince. —Antennae setiform. 
Coniopterygin ce . —W ing s p o wdery. 
V.—No Mandibles in IPhryganeidce. —Wings hairy, an anal area to 
adult. I hindwing, which is longer than 
Neuroptera | forewing. Coxae long, contigu- 
Trichoptera. ! ous. Tarsi 5-jointed. 
The relationships of these families are obscure, and it is probably 
useless to attempt to derive them from any common stock. The prob¬ 
lem is complicated by the number of aquatic families, which we may take 
to have been derived from terrestrial air-breathing forms. Equally the 
semi-parasitic Mallophciga are probably derived from free-living forms. 
It is reasonable to accept present-day Termitidce as a separate branch, 
derived possibly from forms which were connected with the Blattid 
ancestors: Embiidce and Psocidce are off-shoots from some primitive 
form of Neuropteron possibly related to Forficulidce. Ephemeridce and 
Odonata are derived from insects found far back in geological times, 
which had probably a common ancestral race, which was terrestrial: 
the Perlidae are related to the Ephemeridce and probably are a recent 
branch. Sialidce and Panorpidce may be branches from one stock, in 
which metamorphosis was developed, and from which came, far back, 
the Hemerobiidce. Trichoptera also remain and in the absence of data, 
it may perhaps be placed as an offshoot of the ancestral race in which 
metamorphosis had been developed, emerging therefore from the 
IY.—Mandibles in adult. 
Neuroptera 
Planipennia . 
