mallophaga. 
in 
distinct species, the conditions of life remained 
so much like what they had always been that 
the bird-lice have to this day retained the 
same specific characters which they possessed 
in those far-off times. 
A few Mallophaga (about 50 known 
species) are found on Mammals, and they are 
distinguished from the bird-infesting species 
by having single-clawed feet; the species on 
birds have two claws. The mammalian hosts 
include most of the domestic animals, as well 
as others of very various kinds. Kellogg’s 
classification into families is as follows:—I 
have included the names of the principal 
genera in each family. 
Fig. 43— COLPOCEPHALUM 
GUIRAENSIS 
[After Kellogg). 
Antennae visible, 3 or 5-segmented; no maxillary palpi; mandibles 
vertical; meso- and meta-thorax usually fused. Sub-order 
Ischnocera. 
Antennae 3-segmented ; tarsi with 1 claw; infesting mam¬ 
mals. Family Trichodectidce. Genus Trichodectes 45 sp. 
Antennae 5-segmented ; tarsi with 2 claws ; infesting birds. 
Family Philopteridce. Chief genera Docophorus 215 sp. 
Nirmus 228 sp. Lipeurus 181 sp. 
Antennae concealed 4-segmented; with 4-jointed maxillary palpi; 
mandibles horizontal; meso-meta-thoracic suture usually visible. 
Sub-order Amblycera. 
Tarsi with 1 claw; infesting mammals. Family Gyropidce. 
Genus Gyropus 7 sp. 
Tarsi with 2 claws; practically all infesting birds. Family 
Liotheidce. Chief genera Colpocephalum, Menopon 211 sp. 
Kellogg’s list does not record any species as coming from India. 
(Perhaps Trichodectes tigris, taken from a tiger is from this country.) 
If, however, one takes the trouble to examine a few birds, especially at 
the roots of the feathers about the neck and base of the wings, it will not 
be long before these insects are discovered, and evidently there must 
be a large number of Indian species. Those named by Kellogg as having 
