LAMRLLICORNIA. 
241 
is practically wholly concerned with systematic work and descriptions of 
new species ; the student will look in vain for any biological work, of any 
kind almost, prior to the beginning of this century and it is yet to be 
done. There is an abundant field here for observers and, it is no exag¬ 
geration to say, that while thousands of forms have been examined, 
described, named, listed and put away in Museums, we have accurate 
data of the lives of not one in a thousand of these species. 
We have had, therefore, to confine ourselves in these pages very large¬ 
ly to generalities, and we do this simply to guide the student and would- 
be observer in the direction he will probably have to go. Where we have 
accurate data, they are given in such detail as is possible, which must 
of necessity be brief. 
Lamellicornia. 
The tarsi are five-jointed , the antennce have the apical joints dilated at one 
side , so that a more or less compact club can be formed by the approxi¬ 
mation of the lamellar expansions. 
It is only in very rare cases that any confusion as to this well mark¬ 
ed division can arise and these beetles are readily distinguishable at sight. 
The number of species is large, nearly one-tenth of the known species of 
Indian beetles coming into this series. They are commonly divided into 
three families, Passalidce, Lucanidce and Scarabceidce, the last divided 
into five sub-families. It is, however, better to distinguish the Coprince 
as a separate family, and we have here adopted the arrangement into 
four families, retaining the name Scarabceidce for the Coprince. The 
arrangement is as follows :— 
I. Passalidce. —Antennal club imperfect. Elytra covering the 
pygidium. Labrum large and mobile. 
II. Lucanidce. —Antennal club imperfect. Elytra covering the 
abdomen. Labrum small and indistinct. 
III. Scarabceidce. —Antennae fully clubbed. Elytra not covering 
the pygidium. 
1. Coprince (Scarabceidce).—No abdominal spiracle visible out¬ 
side the elytra, all being on the connecting membranes of dor¬ 
sal and ventral plates, in one line. 
XIL 
16 
