24 2 
COLEOPTERA. 
IV. ( Melolonthidce) 2. Melolonthince. —Three basal spiracles on 
connecting membranes, three apical slightly diverging and 
usually one visible beyond the elytra. 
3. Spiracles in two lines, three on connecting membranes, three 
visible outside the elytra, on ventral plates. 
(a) Rutelince. —Claws of tarsi of unequal size. 
(b) Dynastince. —Claws equal. Fore coxae sunk, not prom¬ 
inent. 
(e) Cetoniince. —Claws equal. Fore coxae prominent. (Scu- 
tellum large). 
This arrangement is in accordance with the larval and imaginal 
habits as well as with the structure. The habits may be summarised 
as follows :— 
Passalidce , Lueanidce— Larvae feed in decaying wood. 
Scarabceidce. —Larvae feed in dung. Imagines feed on dung. 
Melolonthidce .—Larvae in soil feeding on the roots of plants, in 
decomposing vegetable matter, in manure heaps, in ants’ nests. 
Imagines feed on leaves, or on flowers. 
In this group the larvae are all white, soft, curved in ventrally, 
and much wrinkled, with a brown head, no ocelli as a rule, three pairs of 
well-developed legs and usually a much developed apical abdominal seg¬ 
ment. This type of larva (Scarabaeoid) is found also only in Ptinidce , 
and some case-bearing Chrysomelidce ( Clythrince ). 
Passalid^. 
Lamellicorn beetles in which the antennce , in repose, curl to bring 
the lamellce together and in which the elytra entirely cover 
the abdomen. Labrum large and mobile. 
These beetles are, as a rule, generally recognisable from the general 
form. They are brown or black insects, in length up to one inch, pro¬ 
thorax large, flattened and shiny, the elytra elongate, with ten lines of 
punctures, and entirely covering the abdomen. A few Indian species are 
cylindrical. All are a shining brown or black, the dorsal surface glab¬ 
rous ; none are very small, most are of moderate to large size. The head 
