SCARABiEIDiB. 
245 
Fi<j. 140.— Lucan us lij'nifer, female. 
[I. M. 1ST ] 
The female lays her eggs in a decaying tree, the larvae living upon de¬ 
caying vegetable matter. The larva is a large fleshy insect, distinct 
from Passalid larvae by the 
equal development of three 
pairs of legs and the long¬ 
itudinal anal slit, closed by 
two lateral lips. 
Lucanidce are widely 
spread and find their greatest 
development in the Eastern 
Himalayas and Assam, 
where a great number of 
species, often of large size, 
occur. They do not occur in 
the plains and no species re¬ 
quire mention. We figure Lu- 
canus lunifer , Ho., one of the 
commonest in the Himalayas. Westwood figures a number of the Indian 
forms (Cab. Or. Entom., 1847). No species are of economic importance. 
Thomson (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1862, p. 392) lists 36 Indian spe¬ 
cies which are only a proportion of the known species. The principal 
genera are Lucanus , Hexarthrius, Cladognathus and Dorcus. Parry 
catalogues the family in Transactions of the Entomological Society, 
London, 1864, pp. 1—113, listing 70 Indian species. Felsche published a 
later catalogue in 1898 on which Boileau’s remarks should be also seen 
(Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1898, p. 401), and since then Albers listed the 
Kurseong species (Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgium, 1903, p. 69). Altogether 
about 100 species are recorded ; some of these may prove to be forms 
of the same species, the great sexual differences having led to the mul¬ 
tiplication of species founded on an insufficient number of specimens. 
Scarab midm . — Dung-Rollers. 
Antennae with a knob of closely folded leaflets. Elytra not covering 
the pygidium. Spiracles in one line , on the connecting 
membranes and all covered by the elytra. 
A large group of small to large beetles, usually of sombre colours, 
some few metallic blue or green. The body is round, thickset, the head 
