6l4 
DIPTERA. 
mobile head, small antennae, large wings, and particularly strong legs 
with well-developed clawed feet; all these structures are helpful in 
detecting and seizing a victim. Pipunculids, however, want merely to lay 
eggs in their victims, while Asilids and Empids require theirs for food, 
and this difference in habit is reflected in the differing structure of 
the mouthparts, which are large and beak-like in the two predaceous 
families, but are extremely small and ill-developed in Pipunculids. The 
Pipunculid ovipositor, on the other hand, is particularly well developed, 
being large and strong, a sharp curved piercing organ. The family is small 
but widespread, comprising practically only one genus ( Pipunculus ) 
of any importance, and of this perhaps a hundred species are known. 
Kertesz catalogued the species known up to 1900 (Termesz. Fuzetek, 
XXIV). Becker has monographed the European forms (Dipterologische 
Studien V. Berk Ent. Zeit. 1897), and Verrall (“ British Flies ”) gives 
full information as to British species, while Perkins has since then 
described a large number of new species from Hawaii (Hawaiian Expt. 
Sta. Bulk, 1 Pt., 4. Div. Ent., 1905) and from his paper figs. 403 and 
404 are copied. Brunetti (Rec. Ind. Mus.) has described some Indian 
species, but little is yet known in this country of the family as a whole ; 
they are by no means rare, and observations on their life-histories would 
be of much interest. An undetermined species is figured on PI. LXV. 
CYCLORHAPHA SCHIZOPHORA. 
Muscoids.* 
Antennce 3-jointed, the third joint simple and hearing a bare or hairy 
dorsal arista. Frontal Suture present. Proboscis generally short 
with broad lobelia, sometimes pointed and horny (as in Stomoxys ), 
occasionally absent or rudimentary (as in Oestridce). Palpi never 
jointed. Never more than one submarginal and three posterior cells ; 
marginal and submarginal cells never closed; basal cells small ; 2nd 
basal sometimes not separated from the discal. Subcosta sometimes 
only indistinctly separated from P v The empodium small or absent. 
Under the term “ Muscoids ’ 5 we include a vast number of flies of 
which the true Muscidce (the house-flies and their nearest relations) 
* We shall speak of the sub-divisions of the Muscoids (e.g., the “ Anthomyidce,” 
e - Tvypetidee,” &c.) as “families,” giving them the termination “ idee,” but it should be 
realised that they do not compare in definiteness of distinction with such true families as, 
for instance, the Tabanidee or Psyehodidce , and it is only for convenience, because they 
contain so many species that they are commonly given a rank above “ Sub-families.” 
