LEPIDOPTEKA. 
406 
with processes which are usually branched. The pupa is suspended 
from the hind end without a girdle. The number of broods varies but 
is usually two, rarely four or more. The 
remarks under the sub-order apply to this 
. Very few are pests; Melanitis ismene 
Cram, on rice, Ergolis merione on castor, 
and very rarely Junonia almana in swarms 
of other caterpillars are the only ones 
known. Like other Lepidoptera, these suffer 
from the attacks of parasites, both Hymenop- 
. _. . -i . i , Fig. 276 .—Danais limniace 
terous and Dipterous, and the principal EGG 
check on their increase, next to food 
supply, is this factor. It is difficult to rear any species without getting 
parasites. 
The family is divided into six sub-families, which need not be noticed 
here as so few of the many species come within the limits of our fauna. 
The student will find fuller details in Bingham’s volume of the fauna of 
India or de Niceville’s volumes. 
Danaince . Danais is perhaps the most common genus, with three 
species found throughout the plains in suitable localities. Like Euploea, 
the male has two protrusible brushes of hair at the apex of the abdomen 
and a pouch on the hind wing, connected with the production of scent. 
Danais plexippus , Linn., is discussed by de Niceville as D. genutia, 
Cram. The butterfly is figured there; it is orange-brown, with black mar- 
Fig. 277.— Danais plexippus fullgrown larva. 
gins containing white spots, the veins heavily marked with black. Its 
larva is black, each segment with streaks and spots of white and yellow, 
and there are three pairs oc black processes, on the meta-thorax, third 
