PAPIL10NID.E. 
421 
Bombay Locust, others migrate when abundant, the instinct to do so 
moving them when many are together. Thus the Central Asian locust, 
Pachytylus cinerascens, occurs in India sparsely, but is a well known 
migrating locust in places where it is more abundant, and we believe it 
would be so in India were favourable conditions to make it abundant. 
Scanty records exist of the migration of other insects and we can 
mention a few of these. From time to time, one reads in newspapers 
of a swarm of butterflies having been seen flying steadily in a particular 
direction; we have seen this in the case of a West Indian skipper ( Calpo - 
des ethlius ) which was extremely abundant; de Rhe Philippe in his paper 
on the butterflies of Lucknow, mentions it in the case of a Lycaenid 
(Polyommatus bceticus, Linn.) which he says migrates annually to the 
hills in great numbers in the early hot weather (Jo. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. 
XIV, p. 481) ; Dudgeon (Jo. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. XIY, p. 147) has 
remarked on migrations of Catopsilia crocale, Cram., and Anapheis 
(Belenois) mesentina, Cram., with small numbers of other species 
which he has observed in the Kangra Valley, where they are said to be 
not unusual. He found they flew steadily in one direction and that 
both sexes were present. 
G. C. Nurse also has observed a migration of Catopsilia pyranthe 
at Deesa in August, and states that it has been seen to occur every 
year for three years back. (Jo. Bo. Nat. Hist. Soc. XIV, p. 179.) 
Other instances will be found in Indian literature and it is probable 
that these cases are associated with food supply, not so much for the 
actual migrating insect, as for its young. Other recorded cases 
include the migration in swarms of dragon flies ( Odonata ), though 
such cases are rarer. Such a case is mentioned by Morren, where 
Libellula depressa migrated in vast numbers in Belgium (A. N. H. 
II, Vol. 13, p. 239). Howard (The Insect Book, p. 331) mentions seeing 
a “ migrating army of Cockroaches, incalulable in number,” crossing 
the street in Washington and apparently moving from an undesirable 
building to others, the motive being, he considers, the desire of the 
females to lay their egg cases in a place that might afford food to their 
abundant young. 
Finally we may mention the fly Sciara , whose larvae are recorded as 
moving in a solid mass steadily in one direction; this phenomenon occurs 
in some European and American species, where it is well known. 
PAPiLiONiDiE,— Swallow tails. 
Legs fully developed , claws large and simple. Hindwing with vein 1 a. 
absent. Pupa with girdle , fixed at tail , head upwards. Larva with 
or without processes , not hairy. 
These insects include the finest and most striking of the butterflies, 
but they are almost wholly confined to moist forest areas and but three 
