432 
LF/PIPOPTERA. 
plains species, coloured, like the above, in orange and olive-black ; its 
larva is found breeding commonly on sugarcane, also on bamboos and rice 
rarely. 
Udaspes folus, Cram., is a small black and white species whose 
larva feeds on turmeric and ginger. It is rarely abundant or injurious, 
but is widespread over the plains. 
HETEROCERA. -Moik 
While there is no distinct gap between the Rhopalocera and Hetero- 
cera, there is justification from the practical point of view in separating 
the two Divisions; the latter have antennse not knobbed, do not 
as a rule fly by day, and pupate commonly in a cocoon or in concealment. 
This great group is a very large assemblage of species and both logically 
and practically requires breaking up to form workable series. A 
number of families were formerly separated as Microlepidoptera, or 
Small Moths, but the limits of this series was ill defined. We have 
preferred to divide them into three series as follows :— 
I. Heterocera. Thirty-one families, the typical Moths. 
(see page 399.) 
II. Microlepidoptera. Ten families, the smaller moths : 
Hindwing, vein 8 free, lc absent. 
Hindwing vein 8 connected to cell 
by a bar or free, lc present 
Hindwing vein 8 aborted, lc present. 
Hindwing vein 8 anastomosing 
with or closely approximated to 
7. lc present. 
Wings divided into plumes. 
III. Protolcpidoptera . 
Cell of hindwing emitting more 
than 6 veins. 
On this division, we get in one series ( Microlepidoptera ) the families 
placed by Hampson (as above) at the foot of the order, but also 
families in which (1) the egg is flattened, not upright, spherical or 
sculptured and (2) the larva is “ Pyrali-form,” the suckerfeet in a circle 
( Callidulidce. 
< Drepanidce 
(_ Thyrididce. 
( Zygcenidce. 
< Tortricidce 
( Tineidce. 
Sesiidce. 
Pyralidce. 
f Pterophoridce. 
{ Orneodidce. 
( Hepialidce. 
( Micropterygidce. 
