440 
LEPIDOPTERA. 
Noctuidce. The larvae are clothed with long scattered hairs and have 
lateral tufts ; the pupae are naked, without cocoon. None are of any 
economic importance. Hampson enumerates six genera and 34 species 
as Indian, of which 5 are not confined to the hills. 
Exsula (Eusemia) victrix , Westw., occurs in North-West India and 
Burma. It is a large moth, the forewing black, spotted with blue and 
yellow, the hindwing blue and black. Eusemia adulatrix, Kolb, is 
common throughout the hills of India. The black forewing is banded 
with yellow and has blue spots at the base ; the hindwing is black with 
red or orange spots. The genus Zalissa is by Hampson placed in the 
Noctuidae in the new volume. Aegocera venulia, Cram. (Plate XXXIY, 
fig. 5), and A. bimacula , Wlk., are the common plains species ; the 
palpi are clothed with long hair, the antennae dilated, the forewing is 
red-brown with a light median streak. 
Noctuidje. 
Antennce not dilated, hindwing with vein 8 anastomosing with the cell 
at base then diverging , 1c. absent. Frenulum present. Forewing with 
5 from nearer 4 than 6. Moths with short robust bodies ; moderate 
antennce, which are pectinate in the males of a few, usually simple or 
ciliate. The forewing is stiff and narrow, the hindwing larger. Colours 
usually sombre. 
This very large family includes moths varying from one-quarter of an 
inch to five inches in expanse, the majority of about two inches. Some 
of the very largest moths are included in this family as well as some of 
the smaller. The colours are mainly cryptic and sombre combined often 
with deceptive colouring, often so assimilating the insect to its surround¬ 
ings that it habitually spends the day sitting motionless on a tree-trunk 
or stone, securely protected by its invisibility. There is a general similar¬ 
ity of facies about the majority, which helps in placing them, whilst 
some have the form associated with other families. The antennse are 
moderately long, usually simple or ciliated, sometimes pectinate. The 
labial palpi are prominent and are of value in the classification, being 
porrect or upturned, in some very large and conspicuous. The probos¬ 
cis is usually present. The thorax is robust and densely scaled or hairy, 
the abdomen short, thick and evenly tapering, clothed in hair and 
