490 
LEPXDOPTEHA. 
Monograph on Silk Industry of the Punjab (W. M. Hailey, 1899). 
Report on an Inquiry into Tasar Silk Industry in Bengal and the 
Central Provinces (N. G. Mukherji, 1905). 
Brahm^eimj. 
Frenulum absent ; forewing, vein 5, nearer 6 than 4. Hindwing, 
vein 8, approximated to or anastomosing with 7, 1 c. absent. 
A family containing a single genus of two species in India, confined 
to the Himalayas and Burma. 
Brahmcea wallichii, Gray, and B. hearseyi, Wh., are large olive brown 
moths of an expanse of 5 to 7 inches, the wings with many black marks. 
They are not found in the plains and are characteristic of the hill forest 
areas. 
UrANIIDvE. 
Forewing with vein 7, remote from 8 and 9, usually stalked with 6; 5 
nearer 6 than 4. Hindwing ivith vein 8 diverging from 7 
at the base , vein 1 c. absent . 
A family of moths almost wholly confined to the Himalayan and 
other hill regions. In the Fauna of India, Moths, Yol. Ill, 59 species 
are described, and Hampson has added 24 species since. It includes the 
insects described in the Fauna of India under Uraniidce, Epicopiidce, 
Epiplemidce : of the first, none are plains species and none will be found 
outside the hills. 
Epicopiidce .—These are moths resembling Papilionid butterflies in 
appearance and form. This family consists of a single genus and five 
species, wholly confined to the Indo-Malayan region, Japan and China. 
The moths are large, coloured in black with red and yellow markings ; 
the forewings are black, the costal margin long; the hindwings are long, 
narrow and of the form typical of certain Papilios marked with yellow 
blotches and red marginal spots. The body is narrow, coloured in red 
and black. The caterpillars so far as known are clothed in white efflores¬ 
cence which may be in the form of a dense filamentous coat or of a 
powdery covering. They live on trees and pupate in a light cocoon. 
