6 
IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF 
and thus diminishes also the concentration of the whole 
dung. Eliminating the degree of dilution by calculating how 
much of the principal fertilizing compounds is contained in 
the night-soil for every 100 parts of nitrogen we get the 
following figures:— 
Phosphoric 
acid 
Potash 
Lime 
Commoi 
salt 
From ordinary Japanese diet 22.8 
47.4 
3.5 
175.3 
„ foreign styled food ... 37.3 
25.9 
3.6 
108.4 
„ European diet . 37.1 
30.0 
12.9 
94.2 
Here we see that the excreta of the common people in 
Japan contain considerably less phosphoric acid and lime, 
but more potash and sodium chloride for a given amount 
of nitrogen, than European night-soil does. As the relative 
proportion of the fertilizing ingredients has to be seriously 
taken into account in manuring the crops, we shall have to 
reflect again on this fact in a later part of this paper. 
As urine and fæces are also applied sometimes separate¬ 
ly, we have again analyzed the following specimens : 
1. ) Faces mixed with some urine, as they are collected in 
closets apart from urinals. This sample represents 
the average obtained by mixing equal quantities 
of the dung from several houses of Farmers round 
Tokyo. 
2. ) Farmers’ urine, a mixture from the urinals of the 
same places, whence specimen No. 1 was taken. 
3. ) Citizens’ urine, collected from several public and pri¬ 
vate urinals in Tokyo. 
The researches gave the following results to which we 
may add the composition of the fæces and urine as given 
by E. von Wolff for European conditions:— 
