Ol-' SEVERAL JAPANESE FERTILIZERS. 
25 
after cooling, and precipitated with the brine that drains off 
from the crystals of common salt during the preparation of 
the latter from sea water. The precipitate, after being press¬ 
ed in wooden frames represents the tofu, a common human 
food in China and Japan.—The portion left undissolved of 
the beans, called tofu kasu is chiefly used as food for domestic 
animals, but is sometimes also consumed by the poorer 
classes or used as manure. 
An analysis of such cakes, by Mr. J. Sawanu, gave the 
following results (fresh substance) :— 
Per cent. 
Water .85.74 
Crude protein . 
Fat . 
. 3.82 
1.44 
Crude fibre . 
3.15 
Ait regen free ex- 
tract. 
5.38 
Ash . 
. 0.47 
Total nitrogen. 
0.011 
Albuminoid nitro- 
fien . 
0.024 
Per mille. 
Potash . 1.71 
Soda . 0.07 
Lime . 0.97 
Magnesia . 0.40 
Ferric oxide . 0.10 
Phosphoric acid. 1.20 
Sulphuric acid . 0.12 
Silica and sand . 0.1 2 
Chlorine... 0.01 
As the dry matter of the cakes is still rich in protein 
(20.7%) and fat (10.3%), they deserve, of course, to be 
more recommended as a food for cattle and hogs, than as a 
manure lor direct application. 
XI. Residues from the Manufacture of Indigo. 
The most important among the dye stuffs used in 
Japan is the indigo produced almost entirely from Polygon¬ 
um tinctorium. Only the leaves of this plant, which is widely 
cultivated in this country, are used for the manufacture, 
while the stems are mostly applied for composting, or made 
into ash and used as a manure. The leaves are exposed to 
