MANURING EXPERIMENTS WITH PADDY RICE (SECOND YEAR). 
33 
13) Rape cake containing 5.03% nitrogen and 9.30% fat. 
14) Shöyn cake containing 3.495% nitrogen. 
15) Shôchû cake with 2.30% nitrogen. 
16) Horn meal with 14.69% nitrogen. 
17) Straw of wheat containing 0.9665% nitrogen and applied 
without previous fermentation. 
All these manures were incorporated with the soil several 
days before transplanting the rice, due care being taken to 
allow the soluble nutrients to undergo complete absorption 
before commencing the irrigation. 
The growth of the plants did not exhibit any irregularity, 
except on the plots supplied with green manure, rice bran, 
straw, and to a slight extent also, on those with blood meal. 
There, these manures appear to have undergone a rapid 
fermentation partly connected with a formation of organic 
acids, and associated throughout with reducing processes ; 
ferrous compounds, which dissolved in the water and formed, 
on gradual oxidation, thin coloured membranes on the surface. 
As the available oxygen in the soil was thus consumed by the 
decaying substances, the roots were insufficiently supplied 
with this gas, and the plants turned pale, showing but a slow 
development for about a month. Later on, after the fermenta¬ 
tion was completed, the plants assumed a normal appearance 
but remained, as to the size and production of accessory stems, 
inferior to the other plots. 
These observations evidently show that manures rich in 
easily decomposable organic matter, should be well fermented 
before they are applied to irrigated land. Green manure, rice 
bran, straw, leaves, etc., should therefore invariably be well de¬ 
composed in the compost bed, or applied 3-4 weeks before 
transplantation. 
The yields of straw, grain, and empty hulls, as well as the 
increase produced by the nitrogenous fertilizers over the plots 
which were not supplied with nitrogenous food, are recorded 
in the following table : 
