36 
MANURING EXPERIMENTS WITH PADDY RICE (SECOND YEAR). 
Increase of hulled grain over the 
plots not supplied with nitrogen, 
Relative 
per plot 
caused by io kilogrms. of 
nitrogen in the manure. 
increase, 
night-soil 
= 100. 
grms. 
kilogrms. 
koku. 
1) Night-soil. 
83.0 
241 
1.69 
100 
2) Steamed bone dust .. 
115.1 
334 
2-35 
140 
3) Hoshika . 
108.9 
316 
2.21 
! 3 I 
4) Shime kasu . 
108.i 
313 
2.I9 
130 
5) Blood meal . 
100.i 
290 
2.03 
125 
6) Crude bone dust 
96.6 
280 
1.97 
116 
7) Shöchü cake . 
96.1 
279 
1.96 
rl 5 
8) Horn meal. 
93-8 
272 
1.91 
112 
9) Peruvian guano 
91-5 
265 
1.86 
no 
10) Shöyu cake . 
82.2 
238 
1.67 
99 
11) Rape cake. 
81.3 
236 
1.66 
98 
12) Ammonium sulphate 
80.3 
233 
1.64 
97 
13) Farmyard manure . . 
76.4 
222 
1.56 
92 
14) Rice bran. 
43-6 
126 
0.89 
53 
15) Green plants . 
36.9 
IO7 
0.75 
44 
These figures tend to prove the interesting fact that the 
majority of the organic nitrogenous fertilizers, such as bone 
dust, fish manure, powdered horn, blood meal, and shöchü 
cake surpass in their action the ammoniacal compounds in 
the form of night-soil and ammonium sulphate. The presence 
of much water, and its high temperature during the irrigation 
appears to have a powerful influence on the decay of organic 
substances and the formation of ammonia in paddy fields. 
Former observations 22 made in conjunction with Mr. J. Sawano 
have shown that the temperature of the water on irrigated land 
sometimes surpasses even the maximum temperature of the 
air; we found in researches comprising three periods, each of 
12 consecutive days, the following figures : 
22 Landwirthschaftliche Versuchsstationen. Vol. 33, 1883, p. 37. 
