W. & T. SMITH COMPANY, GENEVA, N. Y. 
4th, Mulching—When trees or bushes are planted, they should be 
mulched or covered with a layer of coarse manure or litter from three 
to six inches deep for a space of say two feet more in diameter than 
the extent of the roots. This keeps the earth moist and of even tem¬ 
perature. 
5th, After Culture—Grass should not be allowed to grow about 
young trees or plants. The ground should be cultivated for a space of 
at least one foot outside the roots. If the ground is poor it should be 
enriched with surface applications of manure. Pruning should be 
varied according to the condition of the tree, and the purpose of the 
planter. It should be done regularly every spring, before the buds 
swell any. In this way the removal of large branches will be avoided. 
DISTANCES FOR PLANTING 
Standard Apples..30 feet apart each way 
Standard Pears and Strong Growing Cherries. . .20 
Duke and Morello Cherries.18 
Standard Plums, Apricots, Peaches, Nectarines. 16 
Dwarf Pears.8 to 10 
Quinces.10 to 12 
Blackberries.6 to 7 
Currants, Gooseberries and Raspberries. 4 
Strawberries.1 p 2 to 2 
DISTANCES FOR PIANTING HEDGE 
PLANTS 
PAIRS OF TREES, SHOWING THEM AS RECEIVED 
FROM THE NURSERY AND AFTER BEING PRUNED 
FOR PIANTING. 1, KIEFFER PEAR; 2, PEACH; 
3, DWARF DUCHESS: 4, QUINCE. 
EVERGREENS 
Arbor Vitae, American.12 to 
Arbor Vitae, Siberian. 9 to 
Norway Spruce.12to 
Dwarf Box, for edging 
15 in. apart 
12 
15 
4 
DECIDUOUS 
Privet, in variety.1 foot apart in double rows 
Spireas. “ “ “ “ 
Japan Quince. “ 
Honey Locust.6 inch “ “ “ 
Barberry.1 foot “ “ “ 
SPRAYING 
Spraying has come to be an established part of fruit-growing. With all that has been written upon the subject, 
the fruit-grower should be competent to perform the ordinary spraying of his trees without further advice: but to those 
who may not be familiar with the methods and practice, we would say, procure a copy of Bulletin No. 101 by Prof. L. H. 
Bailey, from the Cornell University Experiment Station, in which will be found the most important points regarding 
sprays, arranged in such a manner that the grower can see at a glance what to apply, when and how to make the applica¬ 
tions. 
HOME MADE LIME SULPHUR 
Lime. Use onlyfresh lump lime free from dust or from partly air slaked lumps. No air slaked lime should be used. 
The lime should test not less than 90 per cent, pure lime (calcium oxide) and should not contain more than 5 per cent, 
magnesium oxide. 
Sulphur. Either flowers of sulphur or light or heavy sulphur flour may be used. 
FORMULA AND DIRECTIONS: 
Lump Lime (pure) M.36 pounds 
Sulphur.80 pounds 
Water.50 gallons 
“Break the lime into rather small lumps. Place in kettle, or if live steam is used, in barrel or vat, and slake it with 
hot water. Make a smooth paste of the sulphur with water. Add this to the lime as slaking commences, and mix 
thoroughly. When the lime is all slaked, add the rest of the 50 gallons of water, and enough more as needed from time 
to time during the boiling to keep the quantity up to 50 gallons. When steam is used for cooking, extra water may not 
be needed. Use a measuring stick notched at the 50 gallon mark to show how much water needs to be added to keep 
the volume up to 50 gallons. Do not let it drop more than an inch below the 50 gallon mark at any time. Dash a little 
cold water into the kettle to stop the boiling for a moment while measuring. Keep well stirred to break up lumps, and 
prevent caking on the sides of the kettle. Boil vigorously from 45 minutes to one hour, or until the sulphur is all dis¬ 
solved. Use a kettle of sufficient capacity to prevent loss from boiling. 
When through with the boiling bring the volume up to 50 gallons and strain it without trying to separate it from 
the finer sediment which passes through the sieve. The coarse particles which do not go through the strainer are kept 
for later boilings.’’ 
PREPARATION OF SELF-BOILED LIME SULPHUR 
The 8-8-50 formula is recommended. This mixture can best be prepared in rather large quantities—-say enough 
for 200 gallons at a time, making the formula 32 pounds of lime and 32 pounds of sulphur to be cooked with 8 or 10 
gallons of water, and then diluted to 200 gallons. 
*Parrott & Schoene, N. Y. State (.Geneva) Bui. 330. 
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