98 
SPOLIA ZEYLANICA. 
mountain streams where the mosses cover the wet rocks, it 
requires but little imagination to conceive the ecological rela¬ 
tions of the little orthoptera whose forms, amid such surround¬ 
ings, have taken on such great differences in structure. Before 
the cultivation of this Island proceeds too far, with the incidental 
extermination of animal life by man, it is hoped that the fauna 
will be carefully studied, with a view of throwing much-needed 
light on the evolution of insular faunae. 
The accompanying map of Ceylon (plate IY.) compiled from 
several reliable sources shows where the collection of Tettigidae 
was made.* 
Characteristics of the Tettigid^e. 
Members of this group of Acridians are quite easily distinguished 
by their small size, some of the species being the smallest 
representatives of the Acridiidae. The large pronotum, covering 
the body, is moreover a marked characteristic and not infrequently 
it is prolonged backward to the end of the abdomen or the tips 
of the hind femora or even beyond. The tegmina or elytra are 
very small and rudimentary, being represented by small lobes or 
scales placed at the sides of the body, occupying the posterior 
elytral sinus, and covering only a very small portion of the base 
of the wings. The wings are usually well developed, and are 
remarkable for the narrowing of the wing proper, or the part 
before the anal furrow, the hind part or anal area being 
enormously developed. Both elytra and wings are sometimes 
absent. The venation of the wings is the most specialized of that 
of any of the orthoptera. The prosternum is extended forward 
in a sternomentum or chin-piece which surrounds Ahe mouth 
parts. No arolium is present between the terminal claws of the 
tarsi. Viewed in profile the subgenital plate of the male is conical 
or triangular ; the valves of the ovipositor are serrulate, having 
their extremities divergent. In this connection it may be well to 
draw attention to a few of the characters of most practical use in 
diagnosing the species, namely, the proportions of the eyes, vertex, 
facial frontal costa, the pronotum with its related parts (the lateral 
lobes), the femora, and the relative length of the posterior tarsal 
articles. The character of the antennae, the nature of their 
insertion, and the position of the posterior ocelli, in conjunction 
* One point known as Haragama could not be located. The three places— 
Kadugannawa, Peradeniya, and Kandy—are sixty-five, seventy-one, and seventy- 
five miles inland, respectively, from Colombo, which is on the western coast. 
Hantanne or Hantane is on a rugged cliff rising to the height of four thousand 
one hundred and nineteen feet, and is the highest point in the tea-growing 
district. It can be seen from Kandy looking across the lake.—(Cave, 1901.) 
[Haragam is about eight miles from Kandy.] 
