140 
SPOLIA ZEYLANICA. 
NOTES ON CEYLONESE TETRIQ8N/E (ORTHOPTERA), 
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF SOiVIE NEW SPECIES. 
By Joseph Lane Hancock, M.D., F.E.S. 
(With two Figures.) 
T HROUGH the generosity of Mr. Thomas Bainbrigge Fletcher, 
R.N., I am enabled to present herewith some descriptive 
notes on Ceylonese Tetriginse.* While Mr. Fletcher was in Ceylon 
during the years 1908-1909, he made a collection of these small 
insects, comprising 289 specimens, which he kindly sent to me 
for study. I find in this series of examples are represented ten 
genera and sixteen species, one of the former and two of the latter 
being new to science. These are described in the enumeration 
of species in the sequence. I have been privileged to use in this 
connection Mr. Fletcher’s field notes, which add material value to 
the subject.f The life of the Tettigids J seems to be greatly 
dependent upon the climatic conditions in Ceylon. In reviewing 
these conditions we find ‘ w In August, 1908, everything was very dry 
at Madulsima, there having been practically no rain at all since 
April. The monsoon rains commence about October, and from 
this time to December is a very wet period. It is noticeable how 
few Tettigids are now visible (December 21, 1908), as compared 
with four months ago. This is probably due to the rain, which 
has enabled them to scatter much further afield in quest of food, 
whereas in August they were confined to a very few spots which 
still retained a little moisture, and possibly also this (December) is 
their breeding season, and the young individuals are still minute and 
inconspicuous.” In August it was found that “ A small pool by the 
pathside, fed by a pipe, made a moist spot, very attractive to small 
Tettigids, which appeared to have congregated here from all the 
more arid situations around it.” In this assemblage I determined 
three species, namely : Euparaiettix variegatus, Systolederus greeni, 
and Criotettix tricarinatus. Moreover, in August, Mr. Fletcher says : 
“ The Tettigids seemed rather lethargic, and are perhaps in a state 
of partial aestivation.” This supposition was based on the fact 
* In a former number of Spolia Zeylanica, vol. II., pp. 97-157, 1904, I have 
given an account of the Tetriginse of Ceylon, which is frequently referred to in 
the present paper. 
t The localities in which Tetriginse were observed include the following : 
Madulsima, Province of Uva ; Haputale, 4,800 feet ; Labugama, Western 
Province, about 150 feet; Maskeliya, Central Province, about 4,000 feet ; 
Weligama, Southern Province ; Dondra’; Taldena, Province of Uva, 1,100 feet; 
Colombo ; Galle; Polgahawela, 250 feet ; and Hambantota, South-East Ceylon. 
$ [Tetriginse and Tettigidse are here used as alternative terms.] 
