The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
105 
All Sorts 
Beet Pulp for Sheep 
Is beet pulp good for sheep, and how 
much to a feeding? I have 40 sheep. 
Gilboa, N. Y. w. b. R. 
Beet pulp has about the same feeding, 
value as cornmeal, and if it can be pur¬ 
chased on an equal basis, pound for 
pound, then it could be safely used in 
feeding sheep. However, a grain mix¬ 
ture consisting of five parts of oats, two 
parts of bran, and one part of cornmeal, 
would give better results in feeding ewes. 
About % lb. of this mixture per head 
per day should be allowed a ewe of aver¬ 
age weight. Oftentimes beet pulp will in¬ 
crease the milk flow of ewes suckling 
lambs. Ordinarily, however, corn or hom¬ 
iny meal will provide the ingredients at 
lower cost. Cornstalks or material of 
this character provides splendid roughage 
for ewes. It is my belief that it would be 
more advantageous to feed the moistened 
beet pulp to the dairy cows in milk 
rather than to use it in feeding a flock of 
sheep. F. C. M. 
Poor Roughage 
I have Timothy hay, lightly mixed with 
clover, and oat straw, with molasses, for 
roughage.. For grain I have oats lightly 
mixed with barley. I can buy most any 
kind of grains to mix with the oats, but 
wish to use all the oats I can. I have 
been feeding hay three times a day, all 
they will clean up in good shape; straw 
and molasses once a day. I figured about 
a pint of molasses to a cow. I feed a 
grain mixture of about 500 lbs., of the 
oats and barley to 150 lbs. of oilmeal and 
100 lbs. of cottonseed meal, 43 per cent. 
I give them about 1 lb. of this feed for 
each 3 lbs. of milk produced. m. J. d. 
New York. 
The grain ration that you are feeding 
carries approximately 22 per cent of pro¬ 
tein, and this ought to be very satisfac¬ 
tory. The reason, if any, why your cows 
are not milking satisfactorily to you is 
because you are not providing them with 
a suitable roughage, nor are you giving 
them any succulence. Straw is 'worth 
quite as much under a cow as it is in a 
cow, so far as milk production is con¬ 
cerned ; and the addition of molasses to 
straw does nothing more than to prevail 
upon the cow to eat more of the worthless 
straw. Ordinarily mixed Timothy hay 
is bad enough, but, since straw is largely 
fiber and is relatively indigestible, it 
would be better to use this material for 
bedding purposes. 
Make sure that the cottonseed meal 
carries 43 per cent of protein and use a 
grade of linseed meal that is free from 
screenings. Add 1% per cent of salt to 
your grain mixture and, in the absence of 
silage, feed moistened beet pulp. F. c. M. 
Hard Butter 
I have a grade Guernsey cow. We 
make butter for our own use. It is so 
hard it is almost impossible to print it. 
Is there anyway to make it softer by 
change of feed, or in ripening cream? 
I am feeding commercial mixed feed 
with mixed hay. Cow has been on 
meadow all Fall. W. Q. W. 
Connecticut. 
It is interesting to note that you are 
experiencing difficulty with a butter that 
is too hard. The more common cases 
are with butter that is too soft. I be¬ 
lieve a change of feed may influence the 
hardness of the fat. Succulent feeds 
such as roots and silage, gluten and lin¬ 
seed oilmeal, when added to your ration, 
will tend to soften the butterfat. The 
use of higher ripening or churning tem¬ 
perature will aid. Your trouble is un¬ 
usual, and can probably be adjusted by 
slight changes as mentioned, but be care¬ 
ful not to go to the other extreme and 
get the fat too soft. j. w. B. 
Pasteurizing Cream 
Will you tell me how to pasteurize 
cream for making butter at home? 
New York. w. a. m. 
The best method to use for home 
pasteurization is the “holder method,” 
where the cream is held at a temperature 
of 145 degrees for 30 minutes. When 
only a small amount of cream is to be 
pasteurized the “double boiler” plan can 
be used to advantage. 
Set the cream can into a larger vessel 
of water and heat the water to a high 
enough temnerature to raise the cream 
to 145 degrees. The cream may be stir¬ 
red occasionally to hasten the raising oc 
the temperature. When the temperature 
of the cream approaches 145 degrees the 
heat should be lessened and the cream 
covered. Only enough heat should now T 
be applied to maintain the 145 degrees 
temperature for 30 minutes, after whica 
time the cream should be cooled to about 
50 degrees, and held at that temperature 
until it is ripened. In order to ripen rr 
sour cream which has been pasteurized 
an artificial starter is used for inoculat¬ 
ing the cream with souring bacteria. The 
ripening temperature should be 70 to 75 
degrees Fahr. It is very important that 
a thermometer be used in this work. 
J. W. B. 
Cistern Water for Stock 
On page 1555 a reader asks about cis¬ 
tern water for stock, and wants to know 
if rainwater held in the cistern will 
answer. F. G. M. says : 
“I doubt it. I believe it would be more 
economical and surely more desirable to 
go to the additional expense of drilling a 
well. A reservoir could be constructed 
that would serve your purpose, but it is 
scarcely possible that the rain water 
would be palatable in case it were stored 
during the Winter months for Summer 
use.” 
I beg to differ. We have a large cis¬ 
tern under our back porch in which we 
collect the rain water that falls on our 
house. When the cold rains come in De¬ 
cember we turn the water in and let it 
run until full. Then in March, when 
cold rains are over, we shut the water 
out. This supply lasts until next De¬ 
cember, using it for laundry, cooking and 
drinking. It keeps perfectly all Summer, 
and is pure, fresh and cold enough to 
drink without ice, not a particle of either 
taste or smell. Visitors often comment 
on our good soft water. We have used it 
10 years. Of course about the first of 
December it gets empty, or else we empty 
it and wash it and the filter out com¬ 
pletely. We have another very large cis¬ 
tern at our poultry plant which we have 
used two years with entire satisfaction. 
We have a well of good but very hard 
water within 5 ft. of our house, but use 
the cistern instead. We have no experi¬ 
ence with a shingle roof, but with a metal 
or flint-coated roof, I will take the cis¬ 
tern in preference to taking chances on 
digging a well. Letting warm rains, and 
especially thunder storms, run into your 
cistern is what spoils your water. 
Maryland. J. d. engel. 
Water Power Questions 
I have a stream of water 20 ft. wide 
running through my land. It is 2 ft. 
deep, and water flows 150 ft. per minute. 
I want to build a water power. I have 
three plans—turbine, breast and Pelton 
wheels. Which of these would you ad¬ 
vise to give the best results? Is it al¬ 
lowed to build a water power on my farm 
without permission? F. M. 
New Jersey. 
If your measurements of depth, width, 
velocity and fall are exact, and not ap¬ 
proximate, you have about 45 horse¬ 
power available. Of this not more than 
7/10 to 8/10 could be secured, due to 
unavoidable losses, leaving about 30 
horsepower for useful work. If this 
measurement has been made at high wa¬ 
ter, however, it should be corrected to 
low water measurements, or at least av¬ 
erage water measurements. 
As to choice of wheel, the Pelton uses 
a jet or several jets of water as motive 
power, and is adapted to high heads and 
a small stream of water. Of the other 
two the turbine is in most general use. 
Correspondence wfith makers of wheels 
will bring you bulletins and tables from 
which the water capacities and horse¬ 
powers of the various sizes can be 
learned. If the power is desired for farm 
purposes only, a much smaller wheel than 
that required to use the flow of the 
stream can be used. 
I cannot tell you the law in regard to 
water rights in your State. Information 
can be secured from your conservation 
commissioner at the State capitol. It is 
probable that you would be permitted to 
do as you wished with the stream so long 
as it was permitted to leave your land in 
undiminished flow by means of the orig¬ 
inal channel and so long as it was not 
made to overflow property other than 
your own. It is also possible that a 
greater fall can be secured than you men¬ 
tion by the use of a dam. The use of a 
level would show how high a dam could 
be used without causing the water to 
back upon a neighbor’s property. r.ii.s. 
•aWVX^v.v.v 
i n the new 
Greater Value. Present-day purchas¬ 
ers of De Laval Cream Separators are 
getting more value than was ever be¬ 
fore possible. In 1913 it took 231 
pounds of butter to pay for a popular- 
sized De Laval. Now it requires only 
about 188 pounds (average prices for 
years 1913 and 1923) to pay for the 
same machine—43 pounds or 18% less 
butter. In addition, the present-day 
De Laval is at least 20% better, hav¬ 
ing 10% more capacity, a bell speed- 
indicator, self-centering bowl, and 
many other improvements and 
refinements. 
Self-Centering Bowl. The De Laval /•' 
Bowl is so designed aa to center and ^ 
balance itself when it attains sepa- .if S 
rating speed, which causes it to run ff 
smoothly, without vibration, and® 
adds to the efficiency and life of the if 
machine. It also gives the least |f 
%. possible resistance in being re- f| 
% volved, which together with ! ft 
the automatic oiling system <s 
and superior design and construction of the 
driving mechanism, causes the De Laval 
Bowl to require the least power (per pound 
of capacity) to drive. 
All-Around Superiority. A combination of 
the foregoing features, together with superi¬ 
ority of De Laval design, workmanship and 
materials, enables a De Laval to separate 
more thoroughly under all conditions of use, 
deliver a smoother cream capable of making 
better butter, to separate a richer cream with 
less loss of butter-fat, and to separate with 
greater efficiency at lower temperatures. 
Remarkable Record. Not only was the De 
Laval the first continuous centrifugal cream 
separator but ever since it has been first in 
popularity, in numbers in use, in effici- 
ency and length of service. 
% Pays for Itself. There are many worn- 
% out and inferior cream separators in 
’f use today, wasting enough cream to 
f| pay for a new De Laval in less than 
.;! a year. You can buy a De Laval on 
fj such easy terms that you can use it 
t§ while it is paying for itself. 
Mail this Coupon to 
;J| For Free Catalog 
De Laval 
Milker* 
Wp De Laval 
■W Separator 
Company 
New York, 165 B’way 
** y Chicago, 29 E.Mad. St. 
Send Separator □ Milker □ 
catalog (check which). 
Dept. 317. 
If you milk ten or 
more cows, a De Laval 
Milker will soon pay ''''M 
for itself. Besides saving 
a great deal of time and 
drudgery, it produces cleaner 
milk and by its pleasing, uniform 
action usually causes cows to give 
more milk. More than 15,000 users 
will tell you so. 
Send coupon for complete information, 
Si®' 
Name 
Town... 
No. Cows 
Ask Your De Laval 
Dealer For A 
Demonstration 
UNADILLA SILOS 
Lighten Work, Save Time 
Guard Your Interests 
W HEN a man once owns a Unadilla 
Silo, he wants no other. Because 
the Unadilla gives a man a kind of silo 
service that means better satisfaction. 
For instance: its continuous front opening 
saves time and hard work because it allows you 
to push silage out at its own level—no pitching 
up and over; doors fit air-tight, water tight and 
won’t freeze in or stick; door fasteners form 
ladder that’s safe and easy to climb; strong, 
frost-defying construction keeps silage good to 
the last forkful. 
These and many other important features are 
all thoroughly explained in our catalog. Send for 
this catalog—it has a message of interest to you. 
UNADILLA SILO COMPANY 
Box C Unadilla, N.Y. 
Special discoun ts 
on early orders. 
Easy time pay - 
men ts if you wi sh 
ROOFING 
1 
Think of it. We can 
now sell Excell Metal 
Roofing, 28 gauge corru¬ 
gated at only $3.45 per 100 
q. ft. painted. Galvanized, 
'only $4.80. If you have been waiting for metal 
roofing prices to come down, here they are—di¬ 
rect from factory prices—lower than you can 
get anywhere else. Send for our New Catalog 
covering all styles Metal Roofing. Siding, Shin¬ 
gles, Ridging, Ceiling, etc., will save you money. 
PREPARED ROOFING ONLY $ 1 05 
Don’t buy Roofing, Paints, Fencing, Gas Engines, 
Tires—anything you need until you get our 
latest catalog. You can see and try our roofing 
before you pay. All sold on money back guar¬ 
antee. Write for Money Saving Catalog today. 
The United Factories Co., “Siill'JES."*®* 
RUBBERHIDE SHOES 
Beat quality men’s work shoes, dress shoes and boys’ 
shoes sold direct from factory to you. You save, 
not only in first cost, but In the years of service 
and satisfaction obtained. Rubberhide SboeB are 
guaranteed by an old reliable New England Concern. 
Write (or catalog and prices 
RUBBERHIDE COMPANY, 683 Atlantic Avenue, Boston, Mass. 
CHAPTER VII 
PRINCIPLES OF 
COOPERATION 
Do you know the three 
cardinal principles that mark 
a Cooperative Organization ? 
They are defined in the new 
book, “Organized Cooperation” 
with several other rules essential 
to full and permanent success. 
This Chapter should be read 
and reread by every member of 
all Farm Cooperative Associa¬ 
tions. If these principles are 
faithfully applied to farm coopera¬ 
tion they wi 1 1 not only avert many 
disappointments and losses, but 
insure permanent success. 
The book is sent postpaid for 
one dollar. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
333 West 30th St., New York City 
